Bringing Stimulants into the Country

 Extensively expanded in October 2026.

 

Stimulants (methylphenidate, MPH, and amphetamine-based medications, AMP) are classified as controlled substances in Germany (along with many other substances). (BtMG, legal provision) ^{1 2} Special rules therefore apply to traveling abroad with these medications. These rules vary greatly from country to country and are subject to change at any time. The information on this page is not exhaustive and is provided without guarantee. Before every trip, you should consult the database of the International Narcotics Control Board(INCB), the embassy or drug regulatory authority of the destination country, and the airline. For layovers, the rules of each transit country also apply.
Further information is available from the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) at Traveling with Narcotics.

Medications should be carried in their original packaging and along with all documentation in your carry-on luggage. Transferring them to plain containers may raise suspicion that you are trying to conceal them. Without the necessary documentation, you risk losing your medications, facing fines, and, in some countries, being detained.

For trips of up to 30 days to countries in the Schengen Area, a certificate completed by a doctor in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement is generally sufficient. It must be certified by the relevant state health authority or public health department before the trip. A separate form is required for each medication and each strength. Some Schengen countries have different requirements, such as classifying amphetamine and dexamphetamine as prohibited substances (Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania), shorter maximum durations, or a possible requirement for authorization (Spain).

There are no uniform rules for countries outside the Schengen Area. In most cases, a prescription and a multilingual, officially certified medical certificate are required, and the quantity is often limited to a 30-day supply. Some countries prohibit amphetamine-based medications or methylphenidate (e.g., Japan for amphetamine and dexamphetamine; Russia for methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine). Others require authorization well in advance of travel (e.g., Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea). An overview by country is provided at the beginning of Section 3.

Driving while taking prescribed stimulants is permitted in Germany when taken as directed, as long as safe driving is possible. According to a 2009 EU report, in Estonia, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia, driving was a criminal offense even if only a trace amount of a narcotic was detected in the blood, even if the medication had been prescribed by a doctor and taken correctly. This information is partially outdated (as of October 2026). In Poland, driving after using amphetamine is an administrative offense if it is detected in the blood; in Slovakia, it is an offense as long as an addictive substance is still present in the body. Neither law provides an exception for prescribed medications. In Slovenia, detection in the blood or saliva is also sufficient. However, psychoactive medications taken as prescribed are exempt following a medical examination. It is unclear whether this applies to stimulants. In Estonia, driving is a criminal offense only if the driver is visibly under the influence. In the Czech Republic, a threshold of 25 ng/ml of amphetamine in blood serum has been in effect since 2014, also with no exception for prescription medications. Using sensitive laboratory methods, amphetamine can be detected in saliva and urine for up to about 4 days after a single dose.

Rapid drug tests can produce false positives when certain medications are taken. A positive rapid test result should therefore always be confirmed by a laboratory. A laboratory analysis can distinguish between amphetamine-based medications and illegal amphetamines. The medication taken should be specified with each test.

This article discusses the regulations governing the import of these stimulants from Germany and their possession in other countries.

The information compiled here is by no means complete and should be used only as a starting point for further research.
No guarantee of accuracy or timeliness. Rules are subject to change at any time.

1. General Recommendations for Traveling with Stimulants, Controlled Substances, and Cannabinoids¶

It is strongly recommended that you check the database of the International Narcotics Control Board as a data source, since we are unable to incorporate all updates in a timely manner.
In addition, recommendations from the respective countries of travel should be followed, even if they are merely additional guidelines, as these can shed light on current legal practice and potential disputes over interpretation. The law is what a court rules. In this context, your own case may even result in a ruling that puts an end to previous legal practice and establishes a new precedent. Nevertheless, this already applies to the case in which the ruling was first handed down. The law has about as much to do with justice as the latest Golf has to do with the perfect car. A perfect car consumes no energy, never breaks down, and is infinitely fast: it is an ideal, not a reality. The law, just like cars, is made by people.

The technology behind luggage scanners—such as those used at airports—has advanced. Modern scanners can scan the contents of closed suitcases and carry-on bags and detect even the smallest amounts of targeted substances. It cannot be ruled out that these advancements may affect not only explosives and liquids but also drugs and their active ingredients in medications. We do not yet have any reliable sources on this matter.

It is strongly discouraged to “repackage” controlled substances in plain packaging. This may give rise to the suspicion of deliberate concealment, which constitutes initial grounds for suspicion of criminal activity.

(E 3): Travel planning should take into account the legal and customs requirements for carrying medications for personal use well in advance; in the case of controlled substances, this should be done in close consultation with the prescribing physician due to the strict and internationally inconsistent import restrictions. (Narrative review, E 4.)⁴ * (Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of embassy information, n = 25 countries, E 3.)*⁵ None of the 25 countries surveyed permitted the transport of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without proof of lawful possession, regardless of the quantity, contrary to the INCB’s recommendations. Only 11 of the 25 embassies contacted responded within 14 days to an inquiry regarding the transport of medications. (Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of embassy information, n = 25 countries, E 3.)⁵

All medications should be carried in their original packaging, along with the package insert, in your carry-on luggage. Narcotic drugs require a multilingual certificate from the prescribing physician (active ingredient, dosage form, concentration, total quantity, number of units, dosage, duration of treatment), which, depending on the country, must be certified by the competent authority in the country of origin. Some countries also require a separate import permit; those mentioned include Israel, Morocco, South Africa, Thailand, South Korea, and the United Arab Emirates. In most cases, travelers are permitted to carry controlled substances for a maximum of 30 days. Documents and medications should be presented to customs upon arrival without being asked, as failure to do so may result in the case being classified as illegal trade. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴ Contrary to the import permit mentioned in the review, according to the Ministry of Health’s most recent guidelines, Israel does not require prior Israeli authorization but rather a permit from the health authority of the country of residence. (Official information.)⁶ In the United Arab Emirates, prior authorization is voluntary according to the most recent INCB Country Profile; without it, the medications must be declared upon arrival. (Official information.)⁷ In South Africa, Regulation 8 does not require authorization for Schedule 6 substances (methylphenidate). (Legal provision.)⁸ Substances listed in Schedule 7 (amphetamine, as well as dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine preparations not registered in South Africa) require a permit under Section 22A(11). (Government information.)⁹
(E 3): Importing medication without the required documents can result not only in the loss of the medication but also in criminal consequences, including fines and imprisonment. (Narrative review, E 4.)¹⁰ * (Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of government agency information, n = 25 countries, E 3.)*³ According to an analysis of the INCB’s List of Psychotropic Substances, Belize, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Turkey, and Yemen had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative review, E 4.)¹⁰ It is unclear whether the aforementioned import ban applies only to commercial imports.
Notwithstanding the above, national sources and INCB country profiles list the following for methylphenidate:

• Belize: You may bring medication for up to 30 days with a prescription, a certificate from the Belizean health authority, and presentation of the original prescription at customs (as of 2014) (Official information.)¹¹
• Yemen: Entry permitted for up to one month with a medical report and prescription (Information sheet from the Aden Drug Authority, as of 2025) (Official information.)¹²
• Nigeria: Classified as a controlled psychotropic substance on the List of Essential Medicines (Government information.)¹³
• Senegal: Possession while in transit for a maximum of 7 or 30 days of treatment with a doctor’s prescription (Art. 64 of the Code des drogues) (Legal provision.)¹⁴
• Togo: May be brought in with a valid prescription for a maximum of 7 or 30 days, depending on the classification (as of 2014) (Official information.)¹⁵
• Turkey: Importation of medications for personal use with a report from a healthcare facility, a doctor’s note, or a prescription (Government information.)¹⁶

Depending on the country, travelers may be asked about this as early as passport control or the entry interview (e.g., in the U.S.). Since the interview takes place before baggage claim, both the medications and the documentation should be in your carry-on luggage.

As a general rule, it is advisable to contact the respective airline(s) for specific information.
Lufthansa recommends carrying medication in your carry-on luggage.

It is unclear whether, after providing information during the entry interview, you must also report to customs.

For transit trips, you must follow the regulations of the country of departure, the transit country or countries, and the destination country, as a transit (stopover) may require you to check out and check in again. (Government information.)¹⁷

1.1. Medication Supplies and Availability Abroad¶

Due to significant global variations in the availability of medications, travelers should carry a sufficient supply of medications tailored to their individual needs, taking into account the possibility of a delayed return trip. (Narrative review, E 4.)⁴ A reserve of approximately 30% beyond the duration of the trip was recommended. (Narrative review, E 4.)¹⁰ Maximum quantities for carrying controlled substances (usually for 30 days) may limit this. Prescriptions from one’s home country cannot be filled abroad. (Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of embassy information, n = 25 countries, E 3.)⁵ For stimulants, obtaining a replacement locally is barely possible in many countries. (ADxS assessment)
(E 3): Stimulants or individual active ingredients were not available or were available only to a limited extent in:

• Lower-middle-income countries (8 of the 64 countries studied): no sales of amphetamine-based medications, clonidine, or guanfacine (2015 to 2019) (Longitudinal analysis of sales data, n = 64 countries, E 3.)¹⁸
• Italy: Reported stimulant use in 2024 was less than 0.01 defined daily doses (S-DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day (average for 35 comparable OECD countries: 4.43) (Cross-sectional analysis of INCB consumption data, n = 36 countries, E 3.)¹⁹
• Japan: Only OROS methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are approved as stimulants; immediate release methylphenidate is not approved; prescriptions may only be issued by specially qualified physicians and for a limited duration (Narrative Review, E 4.)²⁰
• Malaysia: Only methylphenidate (immediate release, sustained release, and long-acting) is approved as a stimulant (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰
• Singapore: Only methylphenidate (immediate release and sustained release) is approved as a stimulant (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰
• China, Taiwan, South Korea, and India: only methylphenidate is available as a stimulant (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰
• Saudi Arabia: Methylphenidate is predominant; amphetamine-based medications (lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine) are barely prescribed due to regulatory restrictions, their exclusion from drug formularies, and unreliable supply (Narrative review, k = 13, E 4.)²¹
• United Arab Emirates and Kuwait: limited availability of amphetamine-based medications (secondary citation from Alotaibi 2025) (narrative review, k = 13, E 4.)²¹
• Slovenia: Atomoxetine was the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication for adults, as it was the only one approved for adults (Study period: 2003 to 2015) (Narrative review, k = 32 publications and 5 national registries, E 4.)²²
• Belgium: No prescriptions for lisdexamfetamine and dexamfetamine in general practitioner data from 2015 to 2022 (Population-based observational study, n = 198,167 new users in 5 countries, E 3.)²³
• Spain: No prescriptions for dexamfetamine in primary care data from 2010 to 2023 (Population-based observational study, n = 198,167 new users in 5 countries, E 3.)²³

In 2010, adults aged 19 and older received ADHD medications in: (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

• North America (U.S.) 1.42% (95% CI 1.29 to 1.54)
• Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) 0.47% (0.31 to 0.62)
• Asia and Australia (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) 0.05% (0.004 to 0.10), with Japan at 0.003% as the lowest country-level figure
• Western Europe (France, Spain, United Kingdom) 0.03% (0.01 to 0.04)

Lisdexamfetamine is not subject to international control and is therefore not included in the INCB’s consumption data. (Cross-sectional analysis of INCB consumption data, n = 36 countries, E 3.)¹⁹ Its classification under narcotics law is therefore determined solely by national law and must be assessed separately for each destination country. (ADxS assessment)

2. Carrying Stimulants When Traveling to Countries in the Schengen Area¶

For trips of up to 30 days to Schengen Agreement countries, narcotics obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be imported and exported as travel supplies in quantities appropriate for personal use for the duration of the trip. This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Government information.)¹⁷
To do so, you must carry a certificate completed by a doctor ( ) authorizing the transport of controlled substances for medical treatment in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement ( ). Download the Schengen Certificate.
A separate certificate is required for each prescribed narcotic drug. (Official information.)¹⁷ Since the form contains only one field per certificate for the trade name, dosage form, and active ingredient concentration, a separate form must be completed for each strength. (Official form.)²⁵
For example, if Medikinet capsules in 5 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg are used (for a dosage of 30-25-0), three separate forms are required, since the form provides only one field for the active ingredient concentration.

The certificate must be certified by the state’s highest health authority or an agency designated by it before the trip begins. (Government information.)¹⁷ In counties with more than one public health department, only one of them may be responsible.
The following is required for certification:

• submission of the form(s)
• presentation of an ID card or passport
• Submission of the prescription(s) (certification is based on the doctor’s prescription) (Government information.)¹⁷
• a fee (e.g., 5 EUR in Berlin, or as much as 35 EUR elsewhere).

The certificate is valid for a maximum of 30 days. (Government information.)¹⁷ The form also limits the duration of the prescription to a maximum of 30 days. (Government form.)²⁵

Possession is permitted only by the people with ADHD themselves, not by third parties (Section 4(1)(4)(b) of the German Narcotics Act (BtMG) in conjunction with Section 15(1) of the German Narcotics Act Implementation Regulation (BtMAHV)). (Information from the authorities.)¹⁷
When traveling by air, medications and a medical certificate should be carried together in your carry-on luggage.

Download the list of the relevant state health authorities in the German federal states.
RKI Tool for Searching for Public Health Departments in Germany by ZIP Code.

2.1. Member States of the Schengen Area¶

The countries that are part of the Schengen Agreement are: (Official information.)²⁶

• Belgium
• Bulgaria (as of January 1, 2025)
• Denmark
• Germany
• Estonia
• Finland
• France
• Greece
• Iceland
• Italy
• Croatia (as of January 1, 2023)
• Latvia
• Liechtenstein
• Lithuania
• Luxembourg
• Malta
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Austria
• Poland
• Portugal
• Romania (as of January 1, 2025)
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Czech Republic, Czechia (formerly: Czechoslovakia)
• Hungary

The following countries are not members of the Schengen Area: (Government information.)²⁶

• Ireland (exception under the Schengen Protocol, opt-out)
• Cyprus (applies parts of Schengen law; internal border controls remain in place. It is unclear whether Cyprus recognizes the Schengen certificate under Article 75. According to information from the embassy (see the section on Cyprus), authorization must be obtained from the Cypriot Minister of Health.)
• the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland), which has never been a member

2.2. Differing national rules in Schengen countries¶

As of October 2026, the national rules of individual Schengen countries either deviate from the basic rule (Schengen certificate, maximum of 30 days) or supplement it with

• Prohibition of amphetamine and dexamphetamine:
  • Bulgaria: Amphetamine, dexamfetamine, and levamfetamine (levoamphetamine) are listed in Schedule I (prohibited for use in human and veterinary medicine). Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule II; lisdexamfetamine is not listed. (Legal provisions.)²⁷ The traveler’s rule (Art. 58 of the Act on the Control of Narcotics and Precursor Chemicals; maximum of 30 days with documentation from the competent authority of the prescribing country) applies only to medications containing substances listed in Art. 3(2)(2) and (3) (Lists II and III). (Official information.)²⁸
  • Latvia: Amphetamine and dexamphetamine fall under the substance group “amfetam?ni” (1-phenylpropan-2-amine, its enantiomers, and compounds derived therefrom) in List I (prohibited, particularly dangerous substances). Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Schedule II (substances for medical use). (Legal provisions.)²⁹ The INCB Country Profile lists the substances in Latvia’s Schedule I as prohibited for travelers. (Official information.)³⁰
  • Lithuania: Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Schedule I (prohibited for medical use, except as an ingredient in a registered drug). Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine (since 2025) are listed in Schedule II (authorized for medical use). The schedule does not specify whether a preparation authorized only in Germany is considered registered. (Legal provision.)³¹
• Different classification of lisdexamfetamine:
  • Denmark: Lisdexamfetamine is not included on the list of euphorizing substances; the regulatory agency explicitly excludes it from ADHD medications. The 30-day limit applies only to euphorizing substances on Lists B through E (including methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine). (Official information.)³² Other medications for personal use may be imported without a quantity limit if they were legally sold to the traveler in the country of purchase. (Legal provision.)³³
  • Finland: Lisdexamfetamine has been classified as a narcotic at the national level since May 20, 2013. (Official information.)³⁴ The Schengen procedure does not apply to narcotics classified at the national level, such as lisdexamfetamine. (Official information.)³⁵ Fimea does not specify which document is valid instead. It is advisable to contact Fimea (registry@fimea.fi) before traveling. (Official information.)³⁶
  • France: Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine (since 1990), and lisdexamfetamine (since 2012) are classified as narcotics (stupéfiants). (Government information.)³⁷
  • Italy: Since the decree of April 18, 2025, lisdexamfetamine (like dexamfetamine) has been listed in Schedule I and in Section A of the Schedule of Medicines, and is therefore subject to the rules governing the possession of controlled substances. No lisdexamfetamine preparation is authorized in Italy. (Legal provision.)³⁸
  • Spain: As of April 22, 2026, lisdexamfetamine is a Schedule II psychotropic substance (like dexamfetamine). (Legal provision.)³⁹ Consequently, the AEMPS approval requirement (see below) also applies to lisdexamfetamine.
  • where lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedules (it is unclear whether it is covered by ester, salt, or derivative provisions) in:
    • Malta (Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Part B of the List of Psychotropic Substances) (Legal provision.)⁴⁰
    • Austria (Narcotics Ordinance; methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Annex IV.1) (Legal provision.)⁴¹
    • Romania (methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Table II) (Legal provisions.)⁴²
    • Slovakia (Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified in Group II of psychotropic substances) (Legal provision.)⁴³
    • Slovenia (methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified in Group II) (Legal provisions.)⁴⁴
    • Hungary (Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule P2) (Legal provisions.)⁴⁵ No special authorization is required in Hungary to import substances not subject to special control for personal use. (Government information.)⁴⁶
• Shorter maximum duration:
  • France: According to the INCB Country Profile, the maximum duration for narcotic drugs is 28 days (3 months for psychotropic substances). (Official information.)⁴⁷ According to the French Medicines Agency, the 28-day limit applies to transport certificates issued by France to travelers leaving the country (maximum permitted prescription duration). (Official information.)⁴⁸
  • Croatia: Medications containing a controlled substance may be imported in quantities sufficient for no more than 5 days of treatment, provided they are accompanied by medical documentation (a copy of the prescription, an excerpt from the medical record, or a certified medical certificate). The website specifies 30 days only for residents of Croatia who are traveling to Schengen countries with a medical certificate. (Official information.)⁴⁹ The INCB country profile specifies 5, 15, or 30 days and additionally requires the original prescription to be presented at customs. (Official information.)⁵⁰
  • Slovakia: When traveling through the country, you may carry medications containing Group II substances (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine) for a maximum of 7 days of treatment (Group III: a maximum of 30 days). Customs may require confirmation from the dispensing pharmacy. For possession outside of transit, the quantity required for personal use applies. (Legal provision.)⁴³
• a longer maximum duration or the option to extend:
  • Belgium: Travelers may carry legally obtained medications for personal use for a maximum treatment period of 3 months, provided they have a certificate from their local authority or physician (excluding substances listed in Schedule IIA). (Legal provision.)⁵¹ Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule IIB. (Legal provision.)⁵² For Schengen residents, the Belgian Medicines Agency requires the Schengen certificate from the country of residence. (Official information.)⁵³ The Schengen certificate (valid for up to 30 days) can be extended to 90 days by submitting additional forms. (Official information.)⁵⁴
  • Denmark: The Medicines Agency may, under very special circumstances, authorize imports in excess of the 30-day supply. (Legal provision.)³³
  • Malta: The quantity must correspond to the length of stay, as evidenced by a prescription or a medical certificate from a registered physician. For narcotics and psychotropic substances, a Schengen certificate is also recommended. The guideline is formulated as a recommendation. (Government information.)⁵⁵
  • Netherlands: The Schengen certificate (valid for up to 30 days) can be extended to 90 days by submitting additional forms. (Government information.)⁵⁶ ADHD medications require a certificate. (Government information.)⁵⁷
  • Norway: Travelers without a registered residence in Norway may carry no more than one month’s supply of goods. An exception for more than one month may be granted for medical reasons. (Legal provision.)⁵⁸ The application must be submitted electronically or by mail to the Norwegian Medicines Agency (DMP), accompanied by a cover letter stating the purpose of the stay and medical documentation (prescription, necessity, dosage). (Government information.)⁵⁹
  • Romania: The quantity may not exceed the treatment needs specified in the submitted document. There is no fixed maximum duration for travelers entering the country. (Legal provision.)⁶⁰
  • Spain: The AEMPS specifies a maximum quantity equivalent to a 3-month supply. (Official information.)⁶¹ The older INCB country profile specifies 30 days. (Official information.)⁶²
• Exclusion of an extension beyond 30 days:
  • Finland: The regulation on personal imports does not provide for any exceptions beyond 30 days. Re-importation is permitted only after the consumption period for the previously imported quantity has expired. (Legal provision.)⁶³
  • Austria: You may bring no more than a 30-day supply. For longer stays, a prescription from a doctor licensed to practice in Austria is required. (Government information.)⁶⁴
  • Sweden: For controlled substances originating from a Schengen country, the Swedish Medical Products Agency (Läkemedelsverket) does not grant exemptions exceeding 30 days. (Government information.)⁶⁵
  • Switzerland: Imports and exports by private individuals are limited to a maximum of 30 treatment days, even when moving. (Government information.)⁶⁶
• Required prior approval:
  • Spain: Travelers carrying narcotics or psychotropic substances must apply for a permit from the Área de Estupefacientes y Psicótropos of the AEMPS. The website does not mention an exception for Schengen countries. (Official information.)⁶¹ The application is submitted electronically; the processing time is up to 3 months, and if no response is received, the application is considered denied. A medical certificate is listed as a required document for non-Schengen countries. (Official information.)⁶⁷ Contact: estupefacientes@aemps.es. (Official information.)⁶²
• Different or additional documents:
  • Denmark: A prescription or the Schengen Certificate is sufficient proof. (Government information.)³² You must carry the original Schengen Certificate with you. (Legal provision.)³³
  • Finland: The Schengen Certificate and the corresponding prescription must be issued in the country of primary residence. (Legal provision.)⁶³
  • France: French health authorities do not require a transport certificate, but you must carry the original prescription with you. (Official information.)⁶⁸ The INCB country profile mentions only the valid prescription. (Official information.)⁴⁷
  • Iceland: A 30-day supply is permitted based on a defined daily dose. (Legal provision.)⁶⁹ A doctor’s note, original prescription, or pharmacy label must be presented upon request. (Government information.)⁷⁰
  • Italy: A certificate from the health authority of your country of residence (issued no more than 30 days ago) is required, containing information about the doctor, the patient, and the medication. If you are carrying only one package of each medication, you need only a valid prescription. (Official information.)⁷¹
  • Luxembourg: It is recommended that you bring a copy of a current prescription and a medical certificate approved by the authorities in your country of residence. (Government information.)⁷²
  • Austria: For stays of up to 5 days, medications containing controlled substances may be brought in for personal use without further authorization. For stays of 5 to 30 days, a prescription from your primary care physician is required; for individuals from the Schengen Area, the form specified in Annex IX of the Narcotics Ordinance is recommended. (Official information.)⁶⁴
  • Poland: The regulation, effective as of July 12, 2026, governs Polish documents only for patients leaving Poland (Schengen certificate issued by the Voivodeship Pharmaceutical Inspector, document from the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector for non-Schengen countries, valid for a maximum of 30 days in each case; application must be submitted no later than 15 days before crossing the border). It does not provide for a Polish document for travelers entering from other Schengen countries. (Legal provision.)⁷³ The Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector does not issue documents for travel to EU and Schengen countries. (Official information.)⁷⁴
  • Portugal: The quantity permitted is sufficient for a maximum of 30 days of treatment, provided a medical document is presented attesting to the necessity. (Legal provision.)⁷⁵ The INCB country profile mentions only the valid prescription. (Government information.)⁷⁶
  • Romania: Upon entry, proof of lawful possession must be provided in the form of a doctor’s prescription, a medical certificate, or a certificate for medications containing narcotic or psychotropic substances. (Legal provision.)⁶⁰
  • Sweden: The Schengen Certificate is required only for substances listed in Annex 2 (including amphetamine and methylphenidate, but not dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine). The quantity is determined by the duration of the trip, up to a maximum of 30 days’ supply. (Legal provision.)⁷⁷
  • Czech Republic: The Ministry of Health specifies that proof must be provided in the form of a medical certificate (e.g., a copy of a prescription) containing information on the patient, the medication, the active ingredient, the daily dose, the number of packages, and the prescribing physician. The quantity is determined based on the dosage and the duration of the trip. The Schengen Certificate is not mentioned. (Official information.)⁷⁸
• Rules for customs declarations:
  • Norway: At border crossings with red and green exits, use the red exit (“goods to declare”). (Government information.)⁵⁹
  • Switzerland: Registration is not required; the “green exit” may be used. (Information from the authorities.)⁶⁶

2.3. Carrying within a country¶

No certified certificate is required in the country of purchase for carrying stimulants or controlled substances that were legally purchased within a Schengen Agreement country.

Within a country, however, it is recommended (especially for drivers) to carry a doctor’s note confirming that stimulants have been prescribed. The ADHD ID card from adhspedia can be helpful. When driving in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland (and possibly other countries as well), however, such a card could pose a risk, as the laws in those countries do not explicitly provide an exception for prescribed medications. In Slovenia and Estonia, on the other hand, it can serve as proof of proper use of the medication and thus be exculpatory (see Section 4).

2.4. Schengen Countries and Germany in Detail¶

2.4.1. Belgium¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Annex IIB of the Royal Decree of September 6, 2017, in Belgium. (Legal provision.)⁵²

Belgium is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Travelers may carry legally obtained medications for personal use for a maximum treatment period of 3 months, provided they have a certificate from their local authority or physician (excluding substances listed in Annex IIA). (Legal provision.)⁵¹ For Schengen residents, the Belgian Medicines Agency requires the Schengen certificate from the country of residence. (Official information.)⁵³ The Schengen certificate (valid for up to 30 days) can be extended to 90 days with additional forms. (Official information.)⁵⁴

No prescriptions for lisdexamfetamine or dexamfetamine were found in general practitioner data from 2015 to 2022. (Population-based observational study, n = 198,167 new users in 5 countries, E 3.)²³ Prescriptions issued by specialists or hospitals are not fully recorded. This merely indicates limited prevalence, not a ban.

2.4.2. Bulgaria¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Schedule I in Bulgaria (prohibited for use in human and veterinary medicine). Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule II; lisdexamfetamine is not listed. (Legal provisions.)²⁷

Bulgaria has been part of the Schengen Area since January 1, 2025. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities appropriate for personal use during the duration of the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The Bulgarian Traveler’s Rule (Art. 58 of the Law on the Control of Narcotic Drugs and Precursors), which allows for a maximum of 30 days with documentation from the competent authority of the prescribing country, applies only to medications containing substances listed in Art. 3, para. 2, nos. 2 and 3 (Lists II and III). (Official information.)²⁸ Carrying amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations is therefore not permitted under these provisions. Methylphenidate is permitted for medical use. There is no official confirmation of this interpretation. (ADxS assessment.) The status of lisdexamfetamine is unclear.

2.4.3. Denmark¶

The 30-day limit applies only to euphorizing substances listed in Lists B through E (including methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine). Lisdexamfetamine is not included on Denmark’s list of euphoric substances and is expressly exempted when used in ADHD medications. (Government information.)³²

Denmark is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities appropriate for personal use during the duration of the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Other medications for personal use may be imported without any quantity limit if they were legally sold to the traveler in the country of purchase. The Medicines Agency may, for very special reasons, authorize imports in excess of the 30-day supply. (Legal provision.)³³ A prescription or the Schengen Certificate is sufficient proof. (Official information.)³² The original Schengen Certificate must be carried with you. (Legal provision.)³³

When driving, blood concentration limits apply to many legal and illegal psychoactive substances. (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)⁷⁹ The limits were set at 0.01 mg/kg whole blood for (S)-amphetamine (dexamphetamine) and 0.02 mg/kg for racemic or (R)-amphetamine. Prescribed medications, however, could instead be subject to a clinical assessment of impairment. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 5,248, n = 980, E 3.)⁸⁰ When a prescription for lisdexamfetamine was confirmed, the procedure was generally discontinued despite the presence of dexamfetamine in the blood. (Laboratory study, n = 3 blood donors, E 2b.)⁸¹ In contrast, cases involving exclusively (S)-amphetamine were reported to the police as (S)-amphetamine following a Danish laboratory analysis and evaluated against the threshold value of 0.01 mg/kg. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 5,248, n = 980, E 3.)⁸⁰

Only (S)-amphetamine, which is compatible with medication, was detected in 4.4% of all amphetamine-positive blood samples from drivers under suspicion (43 out of 980; 89.5% contained both enantiomers; 2 years). The median amphetamine concentration was 0.037 mg/kg (n = 43) compared to 0.20 mg/kg whole blood (n = 877). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 5,248, n = 980, E 3.)⁸⁰ Lisdexamfetamine continued to convert to dexamfetamine in collected blood samples without adequate cooling, potentially causing the Danish threshold of 10 ng/g dexamfetamine to be exceeded. According to the authors’ assessment, when using fluoride-citrate tubes, cooling within a few hours, and freezing within 7 days, a dexamfetamine level exceeding 10 ng/g was unlikely at a daily dose of 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine. (Laboratory study, n = 3 blood donors, E 2b.)⁸¹

In 2010, 0.47% (95% CI 0.31 to 0.62) of adults aged 19 and older in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) were prescribed ADHD medications. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴ In Denmark, the only amphetamine medications available are dexamfetamine (depot) and lisdexamfetamine. (E 3.)⁸⁰

2.4.4. Germany¶

Stimulants (methylphenidate, MPH, and amphetamine-based medications, AMP) are legally classified as narcotics (BtM) in Germany (along with many other substances). (Legal provision.)¹ The BtMVV no longer specifies maximum quantities or maximum prescription durations for prescriptions to patients. (Legal provision.)⁸²

Germany is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are part of the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be imported and exported as personal travel supplies in quantities appropriate for the duration of the trip. This regulation applies to persons residing in a Schengen country. A separate certificate in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement is required for each prescribed narcotic. (Official information.)¹⁷ Since the form contains only one field per certificate for the trade name, dosage form, and active ingredient concentration, a separate form must be completed for each dosage strength of the same medication. (Official form.)²⁵

The certificate must be certified by the highest state health authority or an agency authorized by it before the start of the trip. Certification is based on the doctor’s prescription. The form, identity card or passport, and prescription must be presented. The certificate is valid for a maximum period of 30 days. Only the person concerned may carry the medication; third parties are not permitted to do so (Section 4(1)(4)(b) of the Federal Narcotics Act (BtMG) in conjunction with Section 15(1) of the Federal Narcotics Administration Regulation (BtMAHV)). (Official information.)¹⁷ The form also limits the duration of the prescription to a maximum of 30 days. (Official form.)²⁵

The fees vary by state (e.g., 5 EUR in Berlin, and as much as 35 EUR elsewhere).

The amphetamine-based medications approved in Germany (lisdexamfetamine, dextroamphetamine in Attentin) contain pure dextroamphetamine (with less than 0.2% levoamphetamine, according to a Swedish laboratory analysis). (Expert recommendation based on retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 8,930 urine samples, E 4.)⁸³

It is an administrative offense to drive a motor vehicle while under the influence of amphetamine. Such influence is deemed to exist if amphetamine is detected in the blood serum. This does not apply if the substance results from the proper use of a medication prescribed for a specific medical condition. Methylphenidate is not listed in the appendix to Section 24a of the Road Traffic Act (StVG) (legal provision)⁸⁴ , which is why this rule does not apply to MPH. The presence of MPH in the blood is therefore not, in and of itself, an administrative offense, even without a prescription. However, anyone who is unable to drive safely while under the influence of methylphenidate is liable to prosecution, just as with any other substance. Driving a vehicle remains a criminal offense if safe driving is not possible due to the effects of intoxicating substances. (Legal provision.)⁸⁵

During police checks in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010, rapid saliva tests detected amphetamine with a sensitivity ranging from 84 to 100 percent depending on the device (Dräger DrugTest 5000: 84 percent, RapidSTAT 90%, DrugWipe 100% with only 9 positive samples) and a specificity of 33 to 90%, compared to serum test results (amphetamine cutoff value 25 ng/ml). (Evaluation study, n = 1,212, E 3.)⁸⁶ German forensic medicine uses the ratio of (R)- to (S)-amphetamine in serum to estimate the time of use and thus the presence of acute impairment, since (S)-amphetamine (dextroamphetamine) is excreted more rapidly than (R)-amphetamine (levoamphetamine). Concurrent use of pure (S)-amphetamine medication (Attentin, lisdexamfetamine) distorts this estimation and must therefore be ruled out or reported. Samples from individuals who reported taking (S)-amphetamine medication were therefore excluded from the analysis of 425 police samples from Rhineland-Palatinate. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 455, E 3.)⁸⁷

2.4.5. Estonia¶

Estonia is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ When traveling to Schengen Agreement countries for up to 30 days, narcotics obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

In 2009, the law criminalized driving while under the influence of any trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ This information is outdated. Today (as of October 2026), driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated (“joobeseisundis”) is a criminal offense, punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to 3 years; in the case of a repeat offense, the penalty is up to 4 years with mandatory revocation of the driver’s license. The revocation of the driver’s license as an additional penalty is at least 3 months. The wording does not include an exception for medications; the state of intoxication is the determining factor. (Legal provision.)⁸⁹ A state of intoxication is a condition caused by alcohol, narcotics, psychotropic substances, or other intoxicating substances, “manifested in externally perceptible disturbances or changes in physical or mental functions and reactions” (which manifests itself in outwardly perceptible disturbances or changes in physical or mental functions and reactions). A laboratory test result alone is therefore not sufficient. (Legal provision)⁹⁰ Numerical limits apply only to alcohol; there are no thresholds for drugs or medications. If a physician determines that a person’s ability to drive is impaired to the point of endangering traffic safety—including due to the “effects of a substance that impairs or paralyzes the ability to drive”—that person may not drive. (Legal provision.)⁹¹ The use of a narcotic or psychotropic substance “arsti ettekirjutuseta” (without a doctor’s prescription) is punishable by a fine of up to 300 daily rate units or imprisonment. Use prescribed by a doctor is therefore exempt. (Legal provision.)⁹² In contrast, the EUDA listed Estonia in 2025 as a country with a “zero-tolerance” policy (penalties for any detection without established thresholds) and did not mention the exception for medically prescribed use. (Official information.)⁹³ A single therapeutic dose was detectable in healthy individuals using sensitive laboratory methods for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid), with individual cases lasting up to 93 hours for amphetamine (saliva after 10 mg of dexamphetamine) and up to 45 hours for Ritalin acid (urine after 20 mg of methylphenidate). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, E 2b.)⁹⁴ Since medically prescribed use is exempt from the prohibition on consumption and only a noticeable state of intoxication is punishable, carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) is more likely to exonerate the individual in such cases. (Assessment by ADxS.)

2.4.6. Finland¶

Lisdexamfetamine has been classified as a controlled substance in Finland since May 20, 2013. (Government information.)³⁴

Finland is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ When traveling for up to 30 days in Schengen Agreement countries, narcotics obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The Schengen procedure does not apply to narcotics classified at the national level, such as lisdexamfetamine. (Government information.)³⁵ The document that applies instead was not specified. It is advisable to contact Fimea (registry@fimea.fi) before traveling. (Official information.)³⁶ The regulation on personal imports does not provide for any exceptions beyond 30 days. Re-importation is permitted only after the previously imported quantity has been consumed. The Schengen Certificate and the underlying prescription must be issued in the country of primary residence. (Legal provision.)⁶³

It remains unclear whether Section 5 (30 days, Schengen certificate) or Section 4 of Regulation 1088/2002 (general medicinal products) applies to imported lisdexamfetamine (see Section 2).

In 2010, 0.47% (95% CI 0.31 to 0.62) of adults aged 19 and older in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) received ADHD medication. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

There is a zero-tolerance policy for driving, with the exception of prescription medications taken as directed. Prescription medications taken according to a doctor’s instructions are exempt. If there is no valid prescription or if the blood concentration exceeds the therapeutic range, the individual will be prosecuted for driving under the influence of drugs. (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)⁷⁹

2.4.7. France¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine (since 1990), and lisdexamfetamine (since 2012) are classified as narcotics (stupéfiants) in France. (Government information.)³⁷

France is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

For narcotic drugs, the INCB Country Profile specifies a maximum duration of 28 days (3 months for psychotropic substances). (Official information.)⁴⁷ According to the French Medicines Agency, the 28-day limit applies to transport certificates issued by France to travelers leaving the country (maximum permitted prescription duration). (Official information.)⁴⁸ French health authorities do not require a transport certificate, but the original prescription must be carried. (Official information.)⁶⁸

German controlled substance prescriptions remain at the pharmacy. No French source indicates whether France accepts a copy of the prescription with a Schengen certificate in lieu of the original prescription. The INCB country profile mentions only the valid prescription. (Official information.)⁴⁷

No special form is required for the transport of narcotics between France and Monaco. (Government information.)⁹⁵

In 2010, 0.03% (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04) of adults aged 19 and older in Western Europe (France, Spain, United Kingdom) received ADHD medication. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

2.4.8. Greece¶

Greece is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

No official travel regulations were found for Greece. An EOF notice from 2022 (quantity based on length of stay, doctor’s note, and copy of prescription, for travelers from non-EU countries) was available only via the OENET portal (https://www.oenet.gr/τελευταία-νέα/φάρμακα/item/93169-taxideuontas-me-farmaka-kai-alla-proionta-ygeias-stin-ellada-kanena-apo-xores-tis-ee). Lisdexamfetamine has been listed in Table Γ in Greece since October 16, 2024.

 

2.4.9. Iceland¶

Iceland is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

A 30-day supply is permitted based on the defined daily dose. (Legal provision.)⁶⁹ Upon request, a doctor’s note, original prescription, or pharmacy label must be presented. (Government information.)⁷⁰

In 2010, 0.47% (95% CI 0.31 to 0.62) of adults aged 19 and older in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) received ADHD medication. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

Among drivers who tested positive for amphetamine, the median amphetamine concentrations for (S)-amphetamine (dextroamphetamine) at 51 ng/ml (n = 48) compared to 200 ng/ml (n = 516), consistent with therapeutic concentrations of lisdexamfetamine or dexamfetamine. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 564, E 3.)⁹⁶

In Iceland, dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine are available by prescription; methylphenidate accounted for over 90% of daily ADHD doses from 2012 to 2018. All 48 amphetamine samples seized in Iceland in 2021 and 2022 (16 police investigations) were racemates. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 564, E 3.)⁹⁶

2.4.10. Italy¶

Since the decree of April 18, 2025, lisdexamfetamine has been listed in Italy in Schedule I and in Section A of the Schedule of Medicines (like dexamfetamine) and is therefore subject to the regulations governing the possession of controlled substances. (Legal provision.)³⁸

Italy is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

A certificate from the health authority of the country of residence (issued no more than 30 days ago) is required, containing information about the doctor, the patient, and the medication. Anyone carrying only one package per medication needs only a valid prescription. (Official information.)⁷¹

No lisdexamfetamine product is approved in Italy. (Legal provision.)³⁸ Reported stimulant consumption in 2024 was below 0.01 defined daily doses (S-DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day (average of 35 comparable OECD countries: 4.43). (Cross-sectional analysis of INCB consumption data, n = 36 countries, E 3.)¹⁹

2.4.11. Croatia¶

Croatia has been part of the Schengen Area since January 1, 2023. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries party to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities appropriate for personal use for the duration of the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Medications containing a controlled substance may be imported in quantities sufficient for no more than 5 days of treatment, provided they are accompanied by medical documentation (a copy of the prescription, an excerpt from the medical record, or a certified medical certificate). The Croatian government website specifies a 30-day limit only for residents of Croatia who are traveling to Schengen countries with a medical certificate. (Official information.)⁴⁹ The INCB country profile specifies 5, 15, or 30 days and additionally requires the original prescription to be presented at customs. (Official information.)⁵⁰

The Croatian authorities do not specify whether Croatia recognizes the German Schengen certificate for 30 days (which is legally expected under Article 75 of the Schengen Convention). The status of lisdexamfetamine in Croatia remains unclear.

2.4.12. Latvia¶

In Latvia, amphetamine and dexamphetamine fall under the substance group “amfetam?ni” (1-phenylpropan-2-amine, its enantiomers, and compounds derived therefrom) in Schedule I (prohibited, particularly dangerous substances). Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Schedule II (substances for medical use). (Legal provisions.)²⁹

The classification of amphetamine and dexamphetamine under the Latvian group clause is an interpretation of the lists proposed by ADxS. There is no confirmation from the Latvian Medicines Agency (ZVA; zva@zva.gov.lv).

Latvia is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The INCB Country Profile lists the substances on Latvia’s Schedule I as prohibited for travelers. (Official information.)³⁰ According to this, there is no provision for carrying amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations. There is no official confirmation of this interpretation. (ADxS assessment.)

2.4.13. Liechtenstein¶

Liechtenstein is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

We found no exceptions to the basic rule (from Section 2) for Liechtenstein. We did not examine whether Switzerland’s rules (customs union) also apply to Liechtenstein.

2.4.14. Lithuania¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are classified as Schedule I substances in Lithuania (prohibited for medical use, except as an ingredient in a registered drug). Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine (since 2025) are listed in Schedule II (medically approved). The schedule does not specify whether a preparation approved only in Germany is considered registered. (Legal provision.)³¹

Lithuania is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, provided they are accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

It is unclear whether amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations from Germany may be brought into the country. The Lithuanian exception for “registered medications” is an interpretation of the list by ADxS. We found no confirmation from the VVKT (Medicines Agency) or an explicit rule for travelers entering the country. (ADxS assessment.)

2.4.15. Luxembourg¶

Luxembourg is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

We recommend providing a copy of a current prescription and a medical certificate approved by the authorities in your country of residence. (Government information.)⁷²

2.4.16. Malta¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Part B of Malta’s List of Psychotropic Substances. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the list. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴⁰

Malta is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The quantity must correspond to the length of stay, as evidenced by a prescription or a medical certificate from a registered physician. For narcotics and psychotropic substances, a Schengen certificate is also required. The directive is formulated as a recommendation. (Official information.)⁵⁵ The authorities issue separate permits to patients for amphetamine-based medications (e.g., dexamfetamine). There are no regulations specifying whether travelers carrying dexamfetamine need such a permit.

2.4.17. Netherlands¶

The Netherlands is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The Schengen certificate (valid for up to 30 days) can be extended to 90 days by submitting additional forms. (Government information.)⁵⁶ ADHD medications require a certificate. (Government information.)⁵⁷

2.4.18. Norway¶

Norway is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Travelers without a registered residence in Norway may carry no more than a one-month supply. An exception for more than one month may be granted for medical reasons. (Legal provision.)⁵⁸ The application must be submitted electronically or by mail to the Norwegian Medicines Agency (DMP), accompanied by a cover letter stating the purpose of the stay and medical documentation (prescription, necessity, dosage). At border crossings with red and green exits, the red exit (“goods to declare”) must be used. (Government information.)⁵⁹

In 2010, 0.47% (95% CI 0.31 to 0.62) of adults aged 19 and older in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) received ADHD medication. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

When driving, blood limit levels apply to many legal and illegal psychoactive substances. (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)⁷⁹ In 2011, a commission of experts proposed limit values for 20 substances (planned to be introduced starting in 2012), corresponding to the impairment level at 0.2 per mille blood alcohol concentration; for amphetamine, 41 ng/ml whole blood; and for stimulants, no graduated thresholds. These limits should not apply to individuals with a valid prescription. For them, individual assessment should remain in place, taking into account tolerance, medical conditions, and proper use. (Expert Commission, E 4.)⁹⁷ No source on the page confirms whether the exception for individuals with a valid prescription has been implemented as described. Methylphenidate is not included on the list of 20 substances.

Exclusively (S)-amphetamine, consistent with medical use, was detected in 25.9% of 652 amphetamine-positive blood samples from drivers with a reported amphetamine prescription (2018 to 2022), 58.4% showed less than 60% (S)-amphetamine, indicating illegal use. In cases where only (S)-amphetamine was present, the blood concentration of amphetamine was lower, with mean values of 155 ng/ml compared to 689 ng/ml in cases with less than 60% (S)-amphetamine. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,351, n = 652, E 3.)⁹⁸

In Norway, an (S)-amphetamine content of less than 90% is considered an indication of at least partial illegal use. Exceptions apply to preparations containing an (R)-component: when taking Adderall (approximately 75% (S)-amphetamine), up to about 30% (R)-amphetamine can be expected in urine or blood; when taking Metamina, up to about 10%. Dexamfetamine (Attentin) and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) consist of approximately 100% (S)-amphetamine. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,351, n = 652, E 3.)⁹⁸

2.4.19. Austria¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Annex IV.1 of the Austrian Narcotics Ordinance. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the list. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴¹

Austria is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (basic Schengen rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

You may bring no more than a 30-day supply. For longer stays, a prescription from a physician licensed to practice in Austria is required. For stays of up to 5 days, you may bring controlled substances for personal use without further authorization. For stays of 5 to 30 days, a prescription from your primary care physician is required; for individuals from the Schengen Area, the form specified in Annex IX of the Narcotics Ordinance is recommended. (Official information.)⁶⁴

2.4.20. Poland¶

Poland is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The regulation, effective as of July 12, 2026, governs Polish documents only for patients leaving Poland (Schengen certificate issued by the provincial pharmacy inspector, document from the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector for non-Schengen countries, valid for a maximum of 30 days in each case; application must be submitted no later than 15 days before crossing the border). It does not provide for a Polish document for travelers arriving from other Schengen countries. (Legal provision.)⁷³ The Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector does not issue documents for travel to EU and Schengen countries. (Official information.)⁷⁴ The 2024 INCB Country Profile lists only the certificate issued by the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector as a valid document. ADxS has concluded that the German Schengen certificate is sufficient based on the 2026 regulation; there is no explicit statement from Poland. The classification of active ingredients in Poland has not been verified.

In 2009, Polish law criminalized driving while having even a trace of any substance in one’s system, even if it was a medication. (Official report, E 4.)⁸⁸ This continues to apply to amphetamine (as of October 2026). Driving a motor vehicle “w stanie po użyciu alkoholu lub podobnie działającego środka” (in a state resulting from the use of alcohol or a substance with a similar effect) is an administrative offense (detention or a fine of at least 2,500 złoty, mandatory driving ban). (Legal provision.)⁹⁹ Substances with similar effects include, among others, “amfetamina i jej analogi” (amphetamine and its analogs). For amphetamine and its analogs, the detection limit in blood is 25 ng/ml and in urine 250 ng/ml, as analytical detection limits. There are no threshold levels for effects. The regulation contains no exception for pharmaceuticals; MPH is not mentioned by name. Whether it is considered an analog of amphetamine remains unclear. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁰ According to a ruling by the Constitutional Court, the driving ban ranges from 6 months to 3 years. In a case involving a cyclist who tested positive for amphetamine, the court distinguished between the mere state following use (“po użyciu”) and the state under the influence (“pod wpływem”), which presupposes a specific functional impairment of the body. The original case involved a cyclist with detectable amphetamine levels; case P 13/24 was dismissed on December 10, 2025. (Court decision, P 13/24, dismissed on December 10, 2025.)¹⁰¹ Driving a motor vehicle “pod wpływem środka odurzającego” (under the influence of an intoxicating substance) is a criminal offense (imprisonment for up to 3 years, mandatory driving ban of at least 3 years). (Legal provision.)¹⁰² The Road Traffic Act prohibits driving after consuming a substance with effects similar to alcohol. If there is reasonable suspicion, the police will confiscate the driver’s license. (Legal provision.)¹⁰³ For dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine (via its metabolite dexamfetamine), detection of amphetamine is therefore sufficient to establish an administrative offense. No court rulings regarding prescribed ADHD medications were found. (Assessment by ADxS.) The EUDA listed Poland in 2025 as a “zero-tolerance” country, with outdated information on sanctions. (Official information.)⁹³ A single therapeutic dose was detectable in healthy individuals using sensitive laboratory methods for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid), with individual cases lasting up to 93 hours for amphetamine (saliva after 10 mg of dexamfetamine) and up to 45 hours for Ritalin acid (urine after 20 mg of methylphenidate). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, E 2b.)⁹⁴ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD ID card) does not protect against an administrative offense in such cases and may pose a risk while driving. (Assessment by ADxS.)

2.4.21. Portugal¶

Portugal is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The quantity permitted is for a maximum of 30 days of treatment, provided a medical document is presented that substantiates the need. (Legal provision.)⁷⁵ The INCB country profile mentions only the valid prescription. (Government information.)⁷⁶

2.4.22. Romania¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule II in Romania. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the list. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴²

Romania has been part of the Schengen Area since January 1, 2025. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries party to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities appropriate for personal use during the duration of the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Upon entry, proof of lawful possession must be provided in the form of a doctor’s prescription, a medical certificate, or a certificate for medications containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances. The quantity may not exceed the amount required for treatment as specified in the document presented. There is no fixed maximum duration for travelers entering the country. (Legal provision.)⁶⁰

2.4.23. Sweden¶

Sweden is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

The Schengen Certificate is required only for substances listed in Annex 2 (including amphetamine and methylphenidate, but not dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine). The quantity is determined by the duration of the trip, up to a maximum of 30 days’ supply. (Legal provision.)⁷⁷ For controlled substances originating from a Schengen country, the Swedish Medical Products Agency does not grant exemptions exceeding 30 days. (Government information.)⁶⁵

In 2010, 0.47% (95% CI 0.31 to 0.62) of adults aged 19 and older in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) received ADHD medication. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

Since July 1, 1999, a zero-tolerance policy has been in effect for driving (any quantifiable amount of a listed substance in the blood is a criminal offense), with the exception of prescription medications taken as directed, provided the driver is not unfit to drive. A conviction based solely on the detection of a medication required proof of unfitness to drive, overdose, or abuse, as determined by an expert opinion. The laboratory’s limit of quantification served as the de facto threshold (amphetamine: 0.03 µg/g whole blood). (Legal overview with case analysis, as of 2005, E 4.)¹⁰⁴ The absence of a valid prescription or a blood concentration exceeding therapeutic levels leads to criminal prosecution. (Narrative review; full text not accessible to us, E 4.)⁷⁹

After the introduction of the zero-tolerance policy, the number of blood samples tested for drugs increased tenfold (central laboratory: 600 to 700 before 1999, about 7,000 in 2004). Amphetamine was found, either alone or in combination with other substances, in 50 to 60% of suspects and was the most common substance. Mixed substance use was the norm. Convictions based solely on a prescribed medication were rare. The recidivism rate was 40 to 50 percent; in the author’s assessment, the zero-tolerance policy did not deter typical offenders. (Legal overview with case analysis, E 4.)¹⁰⁴

According to a Swedish laboratory analysis, Vyvanse and Attentin contained less than 0.2% levoamphetamine, while the earlier Swedish drug Metamina contained about 5%. Swedish laboratories previously used thresholds for the ratio of levo- to dextroamphetamine ranging from 0.01 to 0.25 in drug tests, which meant that up to a quarter of the levoamphetamine could go undetected. A levamphetamine content of less than 1% of the total amphetamine concentration was proposed as the threshold for compatibility with a pure dextroamphetamine medication. (Expert recommendation based on retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 8,930 urine samples, E 4.)⁸³ Seized methamphetamine in Sweden was not a racemic mixture of levo- and dextromethamphetamine, but rather nearly pure lMeth or dMeth. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 12,062, E 3.)¹⁰⁵

A Medical Review Officer, with the consent of the person tested, checked positive workplace test results against the national prescription registry for medical prescriptions. Amphetamine was the second most common substance in positive workplace tests (accounting for over 20% of positive cases), after cannabis. In 2023, 37% of mass spectrometry-confirmed, amphetamine-positive workplace tests (urine and saliva) were classified as unauthorized use; 100% of cases following accidents or when use was suspected; 52% in rehabilitation; 43% in random tests, and 8% in pre-employment tests. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 23,900, E 3.)¹⁰⁶

2.4.24. Switzerland¶

Switzerland is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Imports and exports by private individuals are limited to a maximum of 30 treatment days, even when moving. It is not necessary to declare these items to customs; the green exit lane may be used. (Government information.)⁶⁶

2.4.25. Slovakia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified in Group II of psychotropic substances in Slovakia. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed by name. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴³

Slovakia is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained with a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Information from the authorities.)¹⁷

When traveling through the country, medications containing Group II substances (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine) may be carried for a maximum of 7 days of treatment (Group III: a maximum of 30 days). Customs may require confirmation from the dispensing pharmacy. For possession outside of transit, the quantity necessary for personal use applies. (Legal provision.)⁴³

In 2009, the law criminalized driving with even the slightest trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ This remains a crime of detection (as of October 2026). It is prohibited to drive a vehicle “at a time after consuming alcohol or another addictive substance when alcohol or another addictive substance may still be present in one’s body” (as long as alcohol or another addictive substance may still be present in the body). A separate rule prohibits “driving a vehicle after taking medication at a time when the medication may impair one’s ability to drive.” If there is reasonable suspicion that the driver has consumed alcohol, another addictive substance, or a medication, a psychiatric evaluation for addiction is required, followed by traffic psychology counseling. The violation is considered serious. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁷ Driving is considered an administrative offense if, following testing, an addictive substance is still present in the body (fine of 200 to 1,000 euros and a driving ban of up to 5 years). (Legal provision)¹⁰⁸ (The EUDA specifies a driving ban of up to 1 year; the law specifies up to 5 years.)

Addictive substances include alcohol, narcotics, psychotropic substances, and other substances that impair mental function. The definition does not specify an exception for medications. A criminal offense (punishable by imprisonment for up to 1 year) requires driving while unfit to drive. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁹ It remains unclear how the prohibition regarding addictive substances in the body relates to the regulations governing prescribed stimulants. (ADxS assessment.) In 2025, the EUDA cited a driving ban of up to 1 year, which no longer complies with the law. (Official information.)⁹³ A single therapeutic dose was detectable in healthy individuals using sensitive laboratory methods for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid), with individual cases lasting up to 93 hours for amphetamine (saliva after 10 mg of dexamphetamine) and up to 45 hours for Ritalin acid (urine after 20 mg of methylphenidate). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, E 2b.)⁹⁴ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD ID card) does not protect against an administrative offense in such cases and may pose a risk while driving. (Assessment by ADxS.)

2.4.26. Slovenia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified in Group II in Slovenia. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴⁴

Slovenia is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the duration of the trip, provided they are accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Atomoxetine was the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication among adults, as it was the only one approved for adults (study period: 2003 to 2015). (Narrative review, k = 32 publications and 5 national registries, E 4.)²²

In 2009, the law penalized driving with even the slightest trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ For medically prescribed psychoactive medications, this information is outdated (as of October 2026). It is prohibited to drive “pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, psihoaktivnih zdravil ali drugih psihoaktivnih snovi, in njihovih presnovkov” (under the influence of illegal drugs, psychoactive medications, or other psychoactive substances and their metabolites). A person is considered to be under the influence if such substances are detected in their blood or saliva. There are no threshold levels. The consequences are a fine of at least 1,200 euros and 18 penalty points. If the substance is detected only in urine, the fine is waived, and a follow-up medical examination is required. If psychoactive medications are detected, a follow-up medical examination is required. The driver is considered not to be under the influence “if a follow-up medical examination determines that … he or she has used psychoactive medications in accordance with the prescribed therapy and the instructions of the treating physician” (if the follow-up medical examination determines that he has used the psychoactive medications in accordance with the prescribed therapy and the instructions of the treating physician). The driver’s license may be temporarily revoked. Whether prescribed amphetamine and methylphenidate preparations are classified as psychoactive medications (exceptions possible) or as prohibited drugs (no exceptions) is governed by a list issued by the Minister of Health. This list was not evaluated. (Legal provision.)¹¹⁰ 18 penalty points result in the revocation of the driver’s license; for foreign driver’s licenses, this results in a one-year ban on driving in Slovenia. (Legal provision.)¹¹¹ In 2025, the EUDA did not mention the medication exemption and relied on an older version of the law (Uradni list RS 82/13). (Official information.)⁹³ Using sensitive laboratory methods, a single therapeutic dose was detectable in healthy individuals for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid); individually, up to 93 hours for amphetamine (saliva after 10 mg of dexamphetamine) and up to 45 hours for Ritalin acid (urine after 20 mg of methylphenidate). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, E 2b.)⁹⁴ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) can serve as evidence of proper use for the follow-up examination. It is unclear whether the exception applies to stimulants. (ADxS assessment.)

2.4.27. Spain¶

Lisdexamfetamine has been classified as a Schedule II psychotropic substance in Spain since April 22, 2026 (like dexamfetamine). (Legal provision.)³⁹

Spain is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, controlled substances obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

Travelers carrying narcotics or psychotropic substances must apply for authorization from the Área de Estupefacientes y Psicótropos of the AEMPS. The website does not mention an exception for Schengen countries. (Government information.)⁶¹ The application is submitted electronically; the processing time is up to 3 months, and if no response is received, the application is considered denied. A medical certificate is listed as a required document for non-Schengen countries. (Government information.)⁶⁷ Contact: estupefacientes@aemps.es. (Official information.)⁶² This means that the authorization requirement also applies to lisdexamfetamine. The AEMPS specifies the maximum quantity as a 3-month supply. (Official information.)⁶¹ The older INCB country profile specifies 30 days. (Official information.)⁶²

No prescriptions for dexamfetamine were found in primary care data from 2010 to 2023. (Population-based observational study, n = 198,167 new users in 5 countries, E 3.)²³ In 2010, ADHD medications were prescribed in Western Europe (France, Spain, United Kingdom) 0.03% (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04) of adults aged 19 and older were prescribed ADHD medications in 2010. (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴ The figure is based on primary care data and indicates only low prevalence, not a ban.

2.4.28. Czech Republic¶

The Czech Republic is part of the Schengen Area. (Official information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, provided they are accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (Schengen Basic Rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

As proof, the Ministry of Health specifies a medical certificate (e.g., a copy of a prescription) containing information about the patient, the medication, the active ingredient, the daily dose, the number of packages, and the prescribing physician. The quantity is determined by the dosage and the duration of the trip. The Schengen Certificate is not mentioned. (Official information.)⁷⁸

According to information provided by the Czech Ministry of Health to a reader, lisdexamfetamine is not available in the Czech Republic, and there are no plans to approve it.

In 2009, the law criminalized driving while having even a trace of any substance in one’s system, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ Since April 2, 2014, a driver with 25 ng/ml or more of amphetamine in their blood serum is considered to be under the influence. No threshold value has been set for methylphenidate. (Legal provision.)¹¹² These substances are included on the list of narcotics and psychotropic substances (Government Regulation No. 463/2013, List No. 5). A driver may not operate a motor vehicle immediately after ingesting these substances or while under their influence. (Legal provision.)¹¹³ The legal basis is the Land Transport Act, PART ONE, TITLE VI, § 125c.

One person with ADHD reported that, according to information from the Czech Ministry of Health, any detection of amphetamines in the blood could result in criminal charges and the loss of a driver’s license—specifically, even when ADHD medications are taken as prescribed. According to this information, lisdexamfetamine has been on the list of controlled substances since 2017—substances under the influence of which driving a motor vehicle is prohibited—and methylphenidate is also included on this list. The penalties cited include a fine of 1,000 to 2,000 euros and a driving ban of 1 to 2 years. According to the report, there has not yet been a single documented case in which Czech police have prosecuted drivers for taking lisdexamfetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is not available in the Czech Republic, and there are no plans to approve it.

In healthy individuals, a single therapeutic dose was detectable for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid), with individual cases lasting up to 93 hours for amphetamine (saliva after 10 mg of dexamphetamine) and up to 45 hours for Ritalin acid (urine after 20 mg of methylphenidate). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, E 2b.)⁹⁴ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) may pose a risk of attracting attention while driving; on the other hand, a Schengen certificate could be helpful in the event of a check. It might be helpful to keep the documents in a less conspicuous place. (ADxS assessment.)

2.4.29. Hungary¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified under List P2 in Hungary. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the list. It is unclear whether it is covered by the ester, salt, or derivative provisions. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵

Hungary is part of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶ For trips of up to 30 days to countries that are parties to the Schengen Agreement, narcotics obtained on a doctor’s prescription may be be imported and exported in quantities sufficient for personal use during the trip, accompanied by a certificate completed and certified by a physician in accordance with Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Agreement (basic Schengen rule). This regulation applies to persons who are residents of a Schengen country. (Official information.)¹⁷

No special permit is required in Hungary to import non-controlled substances for personal use. (Government information.)⁴⁶

3. Travel to Countries Outside the Schengen Agreement¶

As a general rule, the following applies to bringing stimulants into countries outside the Schengen Area:
You must comply with the regulations of all transit and destination countries, including when transferring at airports. There are no internationally harmonized rules outside the Schengen Area. Some countries require an import permit, limit the quantity, or completely prohibit certain narcotics. (Government information.)¹⁷

• Contact the relevant country (embassy)
  • Federal Foreign Office: Diplomatic Missions of Other Countries in Germany
• If importation and possession are permitted
  • Obtain a multilingual medical certificate from the doctor
    • including information on
      • active ingredients to be included and carried
      • Single and daily doses
      • Duration of the trip
    • Bringing narcotics for a maximum of 30 days (official form)¹¹⁴
  • Have this certificate certified by the state health authority of the respective state
  • Carry a certified certificate with you throughout the entire trip
• If importation or possession is prohibited
  • Is it possible to obtain a prescription for the active ingredient or an equivalent medication locally? (Information from the authorities.)¹⁷
  • If a prescription cannot be issued on site:
    • Obtain approval from the Federal Opium Control Board
    • Warning: This is a lengthy process!

A list of requirements can be found at Country-Specific Entry Requirements, International Narcotics Control Board.
Many countries have not yet reported their requirements there.
The requirements listed there should be followed as a matter of priority. Any additional information we provide here may be incorrect or out of date.

Muslim countries, in particular, have draconian penalties for drug possession. (website)¹¹⁵

Bringing stimulants into Arab countries is not without risk without careful preparation, even though they are medications. It is important to get accurate information on this matter.

3.1. Afghanistan¶

The Afghan Law on the Control of Narcotics and Drugs defines psychotropic substances in Schedules 1 through 3 (in accordance with the 1971 Convention) and defines “medical use” as the use of these substances pursuant to a physician’s prescription. The law classifies the import, export, and transport of these substances as drug trafficking. The schedules listing the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine were not accessible. (Legal provision.)¹¹⁶ The law likely dates back to the time of the former republic (presumably 2010). It is unclear whether it is enforced under the Taliban administration.

No regulations for travelers were found in the national sources. Afghanistan has not provided the INCB with any information regarding travelers. (Government information.)¹¹⁷ The German Foreign Office has issued a travel warning for Afghanistan. (Travel advisory.)¹¹⁸ Before traveling with stimulants, it is advisable to contact the Afghanistan Food and Drugs Authority (AFDA) or the embassy.

3.2. Egypt¶

Egypt has not submitted a country profile for travelers to the INCB (as of October 3, 2026). (Government information.)¹¹⁹

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck’s practice to the Egyptian Embassy in Germany, as of October 26, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

According to the guidelines published by the Egyptian Ministry of Health in July 2024, travelers are not permitted to bring medications containing substances listed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 3 (a, b, and d) of the Narcotics Act No. 182/1960 into Egypt, even if they are permitted in the country of departure. Schedule 1 includes methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, levamfetamine, and amphetamine, including their isomers and salts. Lisdexamfetamine is not explicitly mentioned. (Official information.)¹²⁰

According to the directive, List 1 also includes all stereoisomers, ethers, esters, isomers, and salts of the substances listed, as well as all drugs, mixtures, extracts, and other preparations containing them. (Information from the authorities.)¹²⁰ Chemically, lisdexamfetamine is an amide compound of dexamfetamine and is therefore, according to the wording, neither an ester, ether, salt, nor isomer. Whether it falls under List 1 in Egypt remains unclear. (Assessment by ADxS.)
Lisdexamfetamine is not mentioned in the directive. No classification was found in Law No. 182/1960 or in the ministerial decrees. The directive does not specify an approval procedure or a contact address, only the website of the Medicines Authority. Before traveling with lisdexamfetamine, you should submit an inquiry to the Egyptian Medicines Authority (www.eda.mohp.gov.eg) or the embassy.

Other prescription medications may be brought into the country in quantities sufficient for up to 3 months, provided you have a signed medical report and a prescription specifying the dosage. The maximum quantity is reduced for shorter stays. Medications must remain in their original packaging with the dispensing label attached. Inspectors from the Ministry of Health conduct checks at the port of entry. (Government information.)¹²⁰

3.3. Albania¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Table II (Schedule II of the 1971 Convention) of the Albanian Narcotics Act, as amended by Law No. 99/2023. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)¹²¹

Travelers undergoing medical treatment may carry medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II for personal use for up to 7 days of treatment (Schedule III: 30 days of treatment). They must carry copies of the medical prescriptions with them (Art. 78 of Law No. 7975/1995). Except in cases provided for by law, the possession of substances listed in Schedules II and III is prohibited (Art. 80). (Legal provision.)¹²²

The Albanian Customs Administration states that, without exception, travelers are prohibited from importing, exporting, or transiting narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, in accordance with Law No. 7975/1995. (Official information.)¹²³ For medications in general, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs permits a supply sufficient for a maximum of 2 months. The following are required: (Official information.)¹²⁴

• a doctor’s prescription with the daily dose
• a written declaration for personal use, including the prescribing physician’s contact information, which is filed with customs at the port of entry

For Schedule II psychotropic substances, the stricter 7-day limit specified in the Narcotics Act applies.

According to the Federal Foreign Office, even the possession of small quantities of narcotics—proved to be for medical purposes—can lead to detention and criminal proceedings. The Federal Foreign Office strongly advises against bringing them along. (Travel Advisory.)¹²⁵

The Agjencia Kombëtare e Barnave dhe Pajisjeve Mjekësore (AKBPM) is the agency responsible. No email address for travelers is provided.

Accordingly, the information is contradictory:
Albanian customs authorities cite an import ban with no exceptions, while Albanian law, in Article 78, includes a 7-day rule for travelers. It is not certain that the 7-day rule takes precedence over the general 2-month rule (VKM No. 415/2015). Article 78 does not appear to have been amended by Amendment Act No. 99/2023. However, given the Foreign Office warning, it remains unclear whether border authorities will apply Article 78.

3.4. Algeria¶

A national list classifying methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine has not been reviewed.

For narcotics and psychotropic substances, the quantity and duration specified in the prescription are permitted. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹²⁶

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Algerian health authority
• Approval by the Directorate General of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices

No deadline for approval is specified. The document does not contain a list of prohibited substances.

Contact: General Directorate of Pharmacy and Health Equipment, 125 Boulevard Abderahmane Laala, El Madania, Algiers, Tel. +213 21 27 98 23, Email dgpharmacie@santé.dz (Spelling as in the INCB document; the email domain with an accent (santé.dz) is likely incorrect). (Government information.)¹²⁶

3.5. Andorra¶

Table B (“Productes estupefaents”) of the Andorran Medicines Regulations includes the substances listed in the International List of Psychotropic Substances under the 1971 Convention, as well as, by default, all substances listed as narcotics in a neighboring country (France, Spain). Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are therefore substances listed in Table B. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. The importation and possession of substances listed in Table B are permitted only under the conditions set forth in Articles 25 and 27 (importation through the Servei de Farmàcia; dispensing in pharmacies upon a doctor’s prescription). (Legal provision.)¹²⁷

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. Andorra has not provided the INCB with any information regarding travelers. (Government information.)¹¹⁷ According to the U.S. Department of State, an Andorran prescription or the involvement of a local physician may be required for psychotropic substances, opioids, and narcotics. Medications should be carried in their original packaging along with a doctor’s prescription. (Travel Advisory.)¹²⁸ Entry is only possible via France or Spain. It is advisable to contact the Ministeri de Salut (Servei de Farmàcia) before traveling.

It remains unclear whether lisdexamfetamine is covered by the neighboring-country clause. In this context, the U.S. State Department’s statement refers more to purchases at pharmacies than to imports.

3.6. Angola¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Table II-B of the Angolan Narcotics Act (Law No. 3/99). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹²⁹

Persons crossing the national border or in international transit may carry substances listed in Tables I-A, II-B, II-C, III, and IV for personal use for a maximum of 30 days of treatment, provided they present a medical document attesting to the necessity (Art. 36 of Law No. 4/99). No requirements regarding the language or certification of the medical document are specified. The law does not mention any prior authorization. (Legal provision.)¹³⁰

Anyone who imports, transports, or unlawfully possesses substances listed in Tables I through III without the required authorization shall be punished by imprisonment for 8 to 12 years (Art. 4 of Law No. 3/99). (Legal provision.)¹²⁹ Due to the severe penalties involved, it is advisable to consult the Medicines Regulatory Agency (ARMED) or the embassy.

3.7. Antigua and Barbuda¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Class B drugs (First Schedule, Part II) under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. The import and export of controlled drugs are prohibited, except where an exemption is granted by regulation under Section 9 or with a license from the Minister (Section 4). (Legal provision.)¹³¹ No exemption regulation for travelers was found.

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. According to V. C. Bird Airport, the importation of controlled substances is generally prohibited. Travelers must complete an electronic entry and customs form (ArriveAntigua) in advance. (Official information.)¹³² Unauthorized importation of Class B drugs is punishable by fines and imprisonment. (Legal provision.)¹³¹

The consolidated version available to us did not include the 2018/2019 amending acts. No exemption regulation under Sec. 9 (possibly the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, according to search results) was found. The application process for the minister’s license and the status of lisdexamfetamine remain unclear.

Before traveling, it is advisable to contact the Ministry of Health to request an import license. There is no email address listed.

3.8. Equatorial Guinea¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not specifically mentioned in the national regulations reviewed. No national list of substances was found.

No rule regarding travelers was found in the national sources. According to Ministerial Ordinance No. 1/2019, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances may only be imported with the approval of the Ministry of Health. Permits are granted only to hospitals, medical centers, clinics, and pharmaceutical warehouses and wholesalers. The ordinance does not contain an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)¹³³ According to the strictest interpretation, legal importation by travelers is therefore not permitted.

Before traveling, it is advisable to contact the Ministerio de Sanidad y Bienestar Social (Dirección General de Farmacias) or the embassy. There is no email address listed.

3.9. Argentina¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule II of the Psychotropic Substances Act (Law 19.303). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹³⁴ The list of newly added substances, updated in 2026, does not change this. (Legal provision.)¹³⁵
It remains unclear whether lisdexamfetamine is covered by a salt or derivative clause. It is also unclear whether the MERCOSUR rule (legal prescription) applies to travelers from Germany.

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 30 days. A valid doctor’s prescription is required. An officially certified certificate, authorization from Argentina, and presentation of the original prescription to customs are not required. The document does not contain a list of prohibited substances. (Official information.)¹³⁶

Contact: ANMAT, Directorate for the Monitoring of Substances Subject to Special Control, Alsina 671, 4th Floor, Buenos Aires, Tel. +54 11 4340 0800 (ext. 5409), Email dvssce@anmat.gob.ar. (Government information.)¹³⁶

3.10. Armenia¶

Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule I of Armenia’s List of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (substances whose distribution is prohibited in Armenia). Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule II (distribution restricted). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹³⁷ The possession of amphetamine and dexamfetamine preparations is therefore prohibited. The status of lisdexamfetamine (a prodrug of dexamfetamine) is unclear.

According to the INCB, a maximum of 10 preparations of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is permitted, with up to 3 retail packages per preparation. At the customs checkpoint, you must fill out a declaration stating the quantity and name of the medications. No other documents are required. (Government information.)¹³⁸ The INCB Country Profile does not list any prohibited substances. The most recent national list takes precedence.

Contact: Ministry of Health, Pravitelstvenny Dom No. 3, 0010 Yerevan, Tel. +374 10 52 27 21, Email a.mkrtchy@moh.am or hasmikm@pharm.am. (Government information, as of 2013.)¹³⁹

3.11. Azerbaijan¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Azerbaijan in Germany, as of October 25, 2023, it is highly likely* That controlled substances may be transported using the “International” form *. This statement is incorrect under Azerbaijani law.

The embassy had no information regarding the transport of amphetamine-based medications. It recommended taking into account the “statement” issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Customs guidelines for travelers allow the duty-free import of medications in quantities necessary for personal use, but at the same time prohibit the import of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors. (Government information.)¹⁴⁰

Law No. 960-IIQ lists amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate in List I, Section II (psychotropic substances whose circulation is prohibited in Azerbaijan). The importation of these substances is also prohibited under other names. (Legal provision.)¹⁴¹ Lisdexamfetamine is not listed in any of the schedules. Since it is converted into dexamfetamine in the body, it can be assumed that it is subject to the ban. (ADxS assessment.)

According to the INCB Country Profile dated March 14, 2024, the list of prohibited substances includes narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances whose trade is prohibited under Law No. 960-IIQ. Substances whose trade is prohibited under Law No. 960-IIQ may not be imported. (Government information.)¹⁴²

For other controlled drugs, the following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁴²

• a valid prescription
• presenting the original prescription to customs
• a medical document regarding the illness, certified by the health authority of the country of residence

The country fact sheet does not specify a maximum quantity or duration. It refers to Cabinet Decisions No. 162 and No. 163 dated July 1, 2006. Contact: 34 D. Jabbarly St., Yasamal District, Baku AZ 1065, Tel. +994 12 596 0520, Email director@pharma.az. (Government information.)¹⁴²

3.12. Ethiopia¶

Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are listed as psychotropic substances in the reporting forms of the Ethiopian Medicines Authority. Amphetamine (racemate) and lisdexamfetamine are not specifically mentioned in national sources. (Legal provision.)¹⁴³

Anyone who has been prescribed a narcotic or psychotropic substance by a physician may import it for personal use without a special import permit, up to a maximum supply of 3 months (Art. 7). The following are required: (Legal provision.)¹⁴³

• Application from the patient, including a justification of the need
• A prescription in English issued by a licensed physician, including the patient’s name and address, the brand name and generic name of the drug, the strength, the dosage form, and the total quantity
• a current medical certificate or medical report from an accredited healthcare facility
• For repeated imports, proof of repeated prescription

Upon import, the agency marks the prescription as “used.” An extension after arrival is possible. Only substances listed in Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention are prohibited (no ADHD medications).

The INCB Country Profile 2025 also specifies a maximum of 3 months and additionally notes: “ “ (Information from authorities.)¹⁴⁴

• A medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate from the Ethiopian health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

This contradicts the directive, which does not require a special import permit. It is advisable to carry an officially certified document.

Contact: Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA), Africa Avenue, Addis Ababa, Tel. +251 11 5 524122, Email contactefda@efda.gov.et. (Regulatory information.)¹⁴⁴

3.13. Australia¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck’s practice to the Australian Embassy in Germany, as of November 23, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

Methylphenidate and amphetamine-based medications (e.g., Adderall) are covered by the exemption for travelers. No authorization is required. A maximum supply for 3 months in the original packaging is permitted. You must carry the prescription or a medical note in English stating the name and dosage of the medication. All medications must be declared to the Australian Border Force upon entry. (Government information.)¹⁴⁵ * (Government information.)*¹⁴⁶

The INCB Country Profile confirms the 3-month limit for controlled substances and psychotropic substances. A doctor’s note is required stating that the traveler is undergoing treatment and that the medications were prescribed for personal use, including the name and dosage of the medication. The medications must remain in their original packaging with the dispensing label intact and must be declared to the Australian Border Force upon entry. Stimulants are not on the list of prohibited substances. (Official information.)¹⁴⁷

Contact: Narcotics Control Section, Office of Drug Control, GPO Box 9848, Canberra ACT 2601, Tel. +61 2 6289 4618, Email ncs@health.gov.au. (Government information.)¹⁴⁷

For more information, visit https://www.abf.gov.au/entering-and-leaving-australia/can-you-bring-it-in/categories/medicines-and-substances

In 2010, 0.05% of adults aged 19 and older in the Asia and Australia region (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) received ADHD medication (95% CI 0.004 to 0.10). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

3.14. Bahamas¶

Under the Dangerous Drugs Act, amphetamines are subject to the control provisions applicable to opiates and cocaine (Part IV, § 11(1)(j)). Methylphenidate is not specifically mentioned in the Act. (Legal provision.)¹⁴⁸ The Dangerous Drugs (Application) Order 2024, published by the Attorney General, lists amphetamine, dexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and lisdexamfetamine in Schedule II. The document is undated and unsigned; there is no evidence that it is in force. (Legal provision.)¹⁴⁹ If it has not entered into force, the 1995 regulation applies.

The amount must not exceed the recommended daily intake. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁵⁰

• Certificate from the Bahamas Public Health Authority (Form T)
• Itinerary
• Obtaining the medication with a prescription
• Pharmacy or hospital packaging with a label bearing the patient’s name

The Chief Medical Officer issues the certificate (Form T) prior to entry. No deadline is specified.

Contact: Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Health and Wellness, P.O. Box N-3730, Meeting Street, Nassau, Tel. +1 242 502 4749, Email cmosecretary@bahamas.gov.bs. (Government information.)¹⁵⁰

3.15. Bahrain¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in Table 2 of the psychotropic substances under Law No. 15/2007. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹⁵¹

For narcotics and psychotropic substances, a supply sufficient for no more than 7 days is permitted. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁵²

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate from the Bahrain Health Authority

According to the Ministry of Health’s older procedural manual from 2022, visitors were permitted to carry psychotropic substances for the duration of their stay, up to a maximum of one month. Excess quantities are retained by the Ministry of Health and either dispensed with a prescription or returned upon departure. (Official information.)¹⁵³ The more recent INCB Country Profile from 2024 specifies 7 days.

Contact: National Health Regulatory Authority (NHRA), Al Khair Tower 2, Sanabis, Tel. +973 17113222, Email cunp@nhra.bh. (Government information.)¹⁵²

3.16. Bangladesh¶

It was not possible to verify the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine, as the annex (Classes A, B, C) to the Narcotics Act had not been published.

No provision regarding travelers was found in national sources. Under the Narcotics Control Act of 2018, the transportation, importation, possession, and use of narcotics are prohibited. If they are required for medical treatment, they may only be imported or carried in accordance with this Act with a license (import, possession), an authorization (use), or a pass (carriage) (§ 9). (Legal provision.)¹⁵⁴ No specific procedure for foreign travelers was found.

According to the U.S. Department of State, medications must be carried in their original packaging and accompanied by a doctor’s prescription. Drug offenses are punished very severely, with penalties ranging up to the death penalty. (Travel Advisory.)¹⁵⁵

Before traveling, it is advisable to contact the Department of Narcotics Control or the embassy.

3.17. Barbados¶

It was not possible to verify the national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine, as the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act was not available.

No quantity or daily limit is specified for narcotics and psychotropic substances. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁵⁶

• Certificate issued by the Barbados Public Health Authority
• Medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence (details provided in an unpublished appendix)

A recipe and the submission of the original recipe to customs are not required. No deadline is specified. The application process for the certificate is unknown.

Contact: Barbados Drug Service, Warrens Tower #2, Warrens, St. Michael, Tel. +1 246 535 4300, Email bdsdic@caribsurf.com. (Government information.)¹⁵⁶ The email address (caribsurf.com) may be out of date.

3.18. Belarus¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Belarus in Germany, as of October 26, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form. The request must be submitted in Russian along with the required certificates.

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are classified under Schedule 1 in Belarus (particularly dangerous substances not used for medical purposes). (Legal provision.)¹⁵⁷ Substances on List 1 are not used for medical purposes in Belarus. (Official information.)¹⁵⁸ This means that importing amphetamine-based medications is not permitted. We were unable to verify the classification of methylphenidate.

Methylphenidate is listed at 500 g in the Ministry of Health’s resolution on the maximum quantities of narcotic and psychotropic substances for 2025. (Legal provision.)¹⁵⁹ This suggests medical use. However, it does not constitute proof of the substance’s classification on the list, as the same resolution also mentions amphetamine (1 g). (ADxS assessment.)

Cannabis and cannabis-based medicines are prohibited for medical purposes in Belarus. (Government information.)¹⁵⁸

For other controlled medications, one of the following documents—or a certified copy thereof—must be presented upon import, in each case specifying the name and quantity of the medication: a prescription, a medical certificate confirmed by the health authorities of the country of residence, or a certificate from the health authority of the country of destination. Documents in foreign languages must be accompanied by a certified translation into Belarusian or Russian. The quantity is limited to: (Official information.)¹⁵⁸

• 7 days for controlled substances
• 90 single doses of psychotropic substances

List of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Consolidated Version, in Russian)
Rules for the Importation of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Listed in the Above-Mentioned List (INCB 2025, in English)

For detailed information, we recommend submitting a request to the Belarusian Ministry of Health:
Ministry of Health, 39 Myasnikova St., 220048 Minsk, Belarus, Tel. +375 17 3746390 or +375 17 3706297, Fax +375 17 3706297, Email lekarstva@minzdrav.gov.by or ovs@minzdrav.gov.by. (Government information.)¹⁵⁸

3.19. Belize¶

Methylphenidate and amphetamine are controlled substances listed in Schedule II of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. Dexamphetamine is covered under the stereoisomer clause. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. Possession of Schedule II substances for use as directed by a physician is permitted (Reg. 10 (2)). Controlled substances may only be imported with an import authorization from the Director of Health Services (Reg. 28). The regulation does not contain an explicit exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)¹⁶⁰

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 30 days. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹¹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• Certificate from the Belizean health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

No deadline is specified.

Contact: Director of Health Services, Third Floor, East Block Building, Belmopan, Tel. +501 822 0809, Email dhs@health.gov.bz. (Government information.)¹¹ The U.S. Department of State also lists the Belize Customs Department (Tel. +501 223 7092).

Following an analysis of the INCB’s List of Psychotropic Substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ The Misuse of Drugs Regulations, however, permit the possession of methylphenidate (Schedule II) when prescribed by a physician. (Legal provision.)¹⁶⁰ The 2014 INCB Country Profile specifies that a maximum of a 30-day supply may be carried with a prescription and a certificate from the Belizean health authority. (Official information.)¹¹

Before entering the country, you should check with the relevant authorities.

3.20. Benin¶

Under the Narcotics Control Act, all internationally controlled substances are listed in Tables I through III. The national list specifying the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine could not be found. (Legal provision.)¹⁶¹

Persons undergoing treatment while in transit may carry medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Table II for a maximum of 7 days of treatment (Table III: 30 days). Medical prescriptions must be carried (Art. 64). (Legal provision.)¹⁶¹

The INCB Country Profile specifies a maximum of 7 days for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The following are required: (Government information.)¹⁶²

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Benin health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs
• other, unspecified supporting documents

No deadline is specified.

We were unable to find any rules for travelers in Benin—that is, those who are not merely passing through the country.

Contact: Interministerial Committee for the Fight Against Drug and Psychotropic Substance Abuse (CILAS), Tel. +229 21 31 12 33, Email cilasben@yahoo.fr. (Government information.)¹⁶² The ABMed pharmaceutical agency is now apparently responsible for import permits.

3.21. Bhutan¶

It was not possible to verify the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine, as the lists of substances under the Narcotics Act were not accessible. It remains unclear whether methylphenidate and amphetamine are listed in Schedule IV (psychotropic substances with medical use) or Schedule II (substances without medical use, prohibited) of the 2015 Act.

International travelers carrying controlled substances must carry a prescription from a registered physician stating the name, dosage, and quantity of the substances (Sec. 46). A maximum quantity sufficient for 3 months is permitted (Sec. 47). Excess quantities will be confiscated and destroyed (Sec. 48). Status: Regulation in effect since July 1, 2026. (Legal provision.)¹⁶³

The older INCB country profile lists the amount according to the recipe and additionally requires: “ “ (Information from the authorities.)¹⁶⁴

• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate from the Bhutanese health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

The more recent regulation does not specify these requirements.

Contact: Bhutan Food and Drug Authority, Controlled Substances and Medical Device Division, 189 Drophen Lam NW, Kawang Jangsa, Thimphu, email gbidha@bfda.gov.bt (cc tchoden@bfda.gov.bt). (Regulatory information.)¹⁶⁴

3.22. Bolivia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Schedule II (psychotropic substances) of Law No. 913 of 2017. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)¹⁶⁵

Individuals and legal entities must register to import controlled substances listed in Schedules I through IV and apply in advance for a permit from the Ministry of Health (Licencia Previa) (Art. 18 II). The law does not provide for an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)¹⁶⁵ For imports by private individuals for personal use, the Medicines Agency AGEMED (formerly UNIMED) offers an online procedure via the customs portal. (Government information.)¹⁶⁶ No deadline is specified.

According to customs regulations, up to 3 packages of prescription medications for personal use, with an explicit doctor’s prescription, are generally allowed in checked luggage. The luggage declaration (Form 250) must be completed before entering or leaving the country. (Official information.)¹⁶⁷ The duty-free allowance does not replace the required authorization for controlled substances under the law.

The Agencia Estatal de Medicamentos y Tecnologías en Salud (AGEMED) in La Paz is responsible for this. No email address is listed.

3.23. Bosnia and Herzegovina¶

It was not possible to verify the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine in the schedules of the national controlled substances list, as the basic list had not been published.

Persons crossing the national border may possess medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Schedules II and III only on the basis of medical documentation, in quantities necessary for personal use for a maximum of 7 days. A limit of up to 15 days applies only to substitution therapy and the treatment of malignant diseases in the terminal stage. The name and quantity of the medication must be declared to customs upon crossing the border, along with the medical documentation (Art. 40). (Legal provision.)¹⁶⁸

The INCB Country Profile states 7 to 15 days. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁶⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

There is no provision for prior approval. The document does not contain a list of prohibited substances.

Contact: Commission for the Suppression of the Abuse of Narcotic Drugs, Trg Bosne i Hercegovine 1, Sarajevo, Tel. +387 33 492 633, Email kabinet.ministra@mcp.gov.ba. (Government information.)¹⁶⁹

3.24. Botswana¶

No national list classifying methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine was found. Internationally, methylphenidate and amphetamines are classified as psychotropic substances.

Under the current Medicines Act of 2013, travelers may import a medication prescribed abroad for personal use only up to the prescribed maximum quantity and must present a certified copy of the prescription upon request (Sec. 39 (5)). The maximum quantity is not specified in the sources consulted. (Legal provision.)¹⁷⁰

According to the Customs Administration’s travel guide, the import and export of narcotics and habit-forming drugs in any form is completely prohibited; it does not mention any exceptions for prescription medications. All goods must be declared. (Government information.)¹⁷¹

The new Medicines Act of 2025 expressly prohibits the importation of narcotics and psychotropic substances by individuals, including those traveling (Sec. 64 (3)). It enters into force upon publication; no specific date is specified. (Legal provision.)¹⁷² Carrying methylphenidate and amphetamine preparations is therefore prohibited under customs guidelines and the new law.

The Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority (BoMRA) is responsible for this matter. No email address is listed. It is advisable to submit a written inquiry to the BoMRA before traveling.

3.25. Brazil¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are listed in List A3 (psychotropic substances) of Portaria SVS/MS No. 344/1998. (Legal provision.)¹⁷³

Individuals may carry medications containing substances on these lists when entering or leaving the country only if they have a copy of a doctor’s prescription (Art. 32, § 2). The Portaria does not specify a maximum quantity or require prior authorization. (Legal provision.)¹⁷⁴

Contact: Anvisa, Customer Service Center, Tel. 0800 642 9782.

3.26. Brunei¶

Under the Misuse of Drugs Act, amphetamine is a Class A drug; dexamphetamine is classified as a stereoisomer. Methylphenidate is a Class B drug. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)¹⁷⁵ Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and methylphenidate may be possessed for medical use as prescribed by a physician (Reg. 9 (2)). The regulation does not contain an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)¹⁷⁶

Psychotropic substances may be carried for a maximum of 30 days; narcotics are not permitted. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁷⁷

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate from the Ministry of Health of Brunei
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

No deadline is specified for the certificate. Under pharmaceutical law, no import license is required for medications carried in personal luggage in quantities not exceeding a one-month supply. The requirements under narcotics law remain unaffected. (Government information.)¹⁷⁸

Contact: Ministry of Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Tel. +673 2393298 (ext. 217), Email rosni.jair@moh.gov.bn. (Government information.)¹⁷⁷

3.27. Burkina Faso¶

The Narcotics Act distinguishes between high-risk drugs (Tables I and II) and drugs posing a risk (Table III). It was not possible to verify the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine, as the tables are not included in the Act. International trade in substances listed in Tables II and III is prohibited without an express license (Art. 13). The law does not contain any provisions regarding patients who are traveling. (Legal provision.)¹⁷⁹

According to the INCB Country Profile, only a valid doctor’s prescription is required. There are no specified quantity or daily limits, no requirement for prior authorization, and no list of prohibited substances. (Government information.)¹⁸⁰

Contact information according to the INCB: Direction Générale de la Pharmacie, du Médicament et des Laboratoires (DGPML), 03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou 03, Tel. +226 50 32 46 60, Email secretariat@dgpml.sante.gov.bf. (Government information.)¹⁸¹ Today, the Agence Nationale de Régulation Pharmaceutique (ANRP) is responsible.

3.28. Burundi¶

Under the German Pharmaceutical Act, psychotropic substances are defined as all substances listed in the schedules of the 1971 Convention. Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are therefore psychotropic substances. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹⁸²

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. Medicines for human use may be imported only with the express authorization of the Minister of Health, and only medicines approved in Burundi may be authorized (Art. 24). The law does not provide for an exception for personal luggage. (Legal provision.)¹⁸² The drug regulatory authority ABREMA issues import permits for pharmaceutical products for personal use via its portal. The conditions are not publicly available. (Government information.)¹⁸³

Before traveling, it is advisable to submit a written inquiry to ABREMA: Avenue de l’industrie No. 12, Bujumbura, Tel. +257 22 22 97 39, Email info@abrema.gov.bi. (Government information.)¹⁸⁴

3.29. Chile¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Chilean Embassy in Germany, as of September 5, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

Travelers may carry medications containing controlled substances for personal use if they have a valid prescription or a doctor’s note stating the medical condition, prescribed medications, dosage, and duration of treatment. The original prescription must be presented to customs. The quantity must correspond to the prescribed dose and duration of treatment. There is no fixed maximum duration. Methylphenidate and amphetamine-based medications are not prohibited. (Official information.)¹⁸⁵ The Chilean Institute of Health recommends a Spanish translation. The prescription must not be more than 6 months old, and the medications must be in their original packaging. (Official information.)¹⁸⁶

If customs seizes medication, you can use the Instituto de Salud Pública (ISP) portal at https://up.ispch.gob.cl/ to request authorization for personal use (“Uso personal”) (available only in Spanish with a personal account).
The National Agency for Medicines (ANAMED) of the Instituto de Salud Pública (ISP), located at Marathon 1000, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Tel. +56 2 2589499, is responsible for this matter. (Government information.)¹⁸⁵

3.30. China¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Category 1 psychotropic drugs. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list. (Legal provision.)¹⁸⁷

Anyone who needs them to treat a medical condition may carry Category 1 psychotropic drugs up to the maximum amount allowed for a single prescription. The following are required: (Legal provision.)¹⁸⁸

• a diagnostic document issued by a medical facility
• proof of identity

Customs releases medications based on the principle of personal use and reasonable quantities. No prior authorization is required for private individuals. Customs recommends carrying a prescription, medical records, or a diagnosis certificate and actively declaring the medications to customs officials on site. Sending addictive psychotropic drugs by mail is prohibited. (Official information.)¹⁸⁹ According to the INCB Country Profile, only a valid doctor’s prescription is required. (Official information.)¹⁹⁰

Contact: Department of Drug Supervision, National Medical Products Administration, 1 Beiluyuan, Beijing 100037, Tel. +86 10 88331078, Email yaojianguansichu@nmpa.gov.cn. (Government information.)¹⁹⁰

The only stimulant available on site was methylphenidate. (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

3.31. Costa Rica¶

Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances in Costa Rica. Methylphenidate is classified nationally as a narcotic (estupefaciente). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)¹⁹¹

Travelers may import and export narcotics and psychotropic substances for personal use in quantities sufficient for one month of treatment. The following are required: (Government information.)¹⁹²

• a simple copy of the identification document
• Copy of the prescription
• Medical report (discharge summary) from the attending physician, no more than 3 months old
• a copy of the sales receipt, if applicable
• Translation of all documents into Spanish

The Junta de Vigilancia de Drogas evaluates quantities intended for more than one month of treatment on a case-by-case basis. According to the INCB Country Profile, the original prescription must be presented to customs. (Government information.)¹⁹³ Only Schedule IV narcotics under the 1961 Convention and fentanyl ampoules are prohibited. (Government information.)¹⁹²

Contact: Directorate of Drugs and Narcotics, Ministry of Health, email ms.drogas@misalud.go.cr. (Legal provision.)¹⁹¹

3.32. Democratic Republic of the Congo¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not specifically mentioned in the text of the regulations reviewed. Substance Tables I through IV are defined as appendices, but could not be located.

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. According to the Ordinance on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances (as of November 24, 2022), any import of these substances requires prior authorization from the Congolese Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authority (ACOREP) upon written request (Art. 29). The text does not contain an exception for travelers. Use without a doctor’s prescription is prohibited (Art. 72). (Legal provision.)¹⁹⁴

We recommend contacting ACOREP in writing (email: contact@acorep.gouv.cd) before your trip. (Information from government authorities.)¹⁹⁵

3.33. Dominica¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are controlled drugs listed in Schedule III of Dominica’s Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Under Section 5 of the Act, the importation of controlled drugs is prohibited unless an exception is provided by regulation or a license issued by the Minister. (Legal provision.)¹⁹⁶

According to the INCB Country Profile, travelers need: (Information from the authorities.)¹⁹⁷

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence

A certificate from the Dominican authorities and the presentation of the original prescription to customs are not required in such cases. Quantity restrictions apply, but no maximum quantity is specified. The text of the law does not indicate whether travelers are exempt from the licensing requirement stipulated by the law.

Contact: Ministry of Health, Government Headquarters, Roseau, email johnsond@dominica.gov.dm (as of 2014). (Government information.)¹⁹⁷

3.34. Dominican Republic¶

Amphetamine (including its salts and optical isomers, and thus also dexamphetamine) and methylphenidate are controlled stimulants classified under Category II of Law 50-88 in the Dominican Republic. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)¹⁹⁸

Travelers may import prescription medications for personal use. For medications containing controlled substances, a doctor’s prescription must be presented. There is no specified maximum quantity. If the quantity is excessive, inspectors from the health authority DIGEMAPS may temporarily withhold the product and require an import permit (as of December 1, 2024). (Official information.)¹⁹⁹ No prior authorization is required for travelers. The import permit issued by the Drug Control Agency (DNCD) applies only to industrial and pharmaceutical companies. (Official information.)²⁰⁰

The importation of controlled substances in packages and mail is prohibited (Art. 29, Paragraph II). Therefore, medications cannot be sent by mail. (Legal provision.)¹⁹⁸

3.35. Djibouti¶

In Djibouti, the importation, transit, possession, and use of all psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II of the 1971 Convention are prohibited (Art. 2 of Law No. 171/AN/81). Amphetamine is expressly classified as a Schedule II substance under the law. Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are not specifically named in the law, but they are also listed in Schedule II of the Convention and are therefore subject to the prohibition. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. The only exception applies to the importation of certain amphetamine preparations by the state-run Service Pharmaceutique with the authorization of the Inspecteur de la Pharmacie. There is no exception for travelers with a prescription. Violations are punishable by 2 to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine of 500,000 to 50 million Djibouti francs (Art. 5). (Legal provision.)²⁰¹ A subsequent amendment from 1982 replaces only Schedules I and IV, not the prohibition on Schedule II substances. (Legal provision.)²⁰²

According to the letter of the law, methylphenidate and amphetamine preparations may not be imported into Djibouti, not even in transit. It is advisable to make a written inquiry in advance with the Ministry of Health (Direction du Médicament, de la Pharmacie et des Laboratoires) or the embassy. (Legal provision.)²⁰³

3.36. Ecuador¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances in Ecuador. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)²⁰⁴

No rule regarding travelers was found in the current national sources. The Regulation on the Prescription and Distribution of Controlled Substances contains no provision regarding travelers. (Legal provision.)²⁰⁵ According to the older INCB Country Profile, travelers require a valid doctor’s prescription, the original of which must be presented to customs. No maximum quantity is specified. (Government information.)²⁰⁶

The health authority currently responsible is the Agencia Nacional de Regulación, Control y Vigilancia Sanitaria (ARCSA), email atencionalusuario@controlsanitario.gob.ec. We recommend checking with ARCSA or the embassy in advance. (Government information.)²⁰⁷

3.37. El Salvador¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances in El Salvador. Lisdexamfetamine is classified nationally as an additional controlled substance (Otros Agregados). (Legal provision.)²⁰⁸

Travelers may import narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the dosage prescribed by their treating physician in their country of origin for the duration of their stay. The Superintendencia de Regulación Sanitaria (SRS) recommends applying for written authorization before arrival. Without prior authorization, presentation of one of the following documents is sufficient upon entry: (Government information.)²⁰⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the El Salvador health authority
• Original prescription at customs

Currently, only oral medications containing ephedrine and all dosage forms containing pseudoephedrine are prohibited. The SRS does not provide a separate application form for travelers on its website.

Contact: Superintendencia de Regulación Sanitaria (SRS), Santa Tecla, email jose.reyes@srs.gob.sv. (Government information.)²⁰⁹

3.38. Ivory Coast¶

No national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

Travelers may carry psychotropic substances for up to 30 days and narcotics for up to 7 days. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)²¹⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

According to the INCB Country Profile, a certificate from the Ivorian authorities is not required. The Ivorian Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authority (AIRP) also offers a special permit for the import of pharmaceutical products for personal use by private individuals (ASI-UP, processing time 3 days, fee of 5,000 CFA francs). The page does not specify whether travelers carrying medication in their luggage need this permit. (Official information.)²¹¹ No medication containing methylphenidate, amphetamine, or lisdexamfetamine was found in the database of drugs registered in Côte d’Ivoire. (Official information.)²¹²

Contact: Autorité Ivoirienne de Régulation Pharmaceutique (AIRP), Abidjan, email secretariat@airp.ci. (Regulatory information.)²¹⁰

3.39. Eritrea¶

No national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

According to a letter from the Eritrean Ministry of Health to the INCB (as of March 4, 2005), travelers carrying medications containing controlled substances for personal use must either carry a valid doctor’s prescription or obtain authorization from the Department of Regulatory Services within the Ministry of Health. This requirement is based on Article 88 of Proclamation 36/1993. No maximum quantity is specified. (Official information.)²¹³

The National Medicines and Food Administration (NMFA) under the Ministry of Health is currently responsible for this matter. We were unable to find an email address. We recommend contacting the Eritrean Embassy in advance.

3.40. Eswatini¶

No national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. The Medicines Act of 2016 classifies substances into Schedules 0 through 8 but does not list the active ingredients themselves. The acquisition, use, and possession of substances listed in Schedules 7 and 8 require a permit from the Medicines Regulatory Authority (Sec. 41). Under the definition provided by the law, importation for personal use is not considered an import (Sec. 2). (Legal provision.)²¹⁴

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. According to the U.S. Department of State’s travel advisory, travelers may import medications for personal use in quantities sufficient for up to a two-week supply without a permit. For larger quantities, a letter of authorization from the Ministry of Health (Director of Health Services, Pharmaceutical Services) is required. The prescription must be written in English or Siswati. (Travel Advisory.)²¹⁵

Contact: Ministry of Health, Director of Health Services, Pharmaceutical Services, Tel. +268 2404 2431. No email address was found. We recommend checking with the embassy or the Ministry of Health in advance. (Travel advisory.)²¹⁵

3.41. Fiji¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified as “illicit drugs” in Fiji under Schedule 1, Part 5 of the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 (substances listed in Schedule II of the 1971 Convention). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Anyone who has been legally prescribed such a drug may possess it in an amount sufficient for no more than one month (see 11(1)(a)). (Legal provision.)²¹⁶

Travelers entering, leaving, or transiting the country with medication for personal use must provide proof at the border that it was legally prescribed and dispensed to them. For methylphenidate and amphetamines, the maximum quantity allowed is for one month. Any one of the following documents is sufficient as proof: (Government information.)²¹⁷

• Original or certified copy of a valid prescription
• Original or certified copy of a signed doctor’s note with the prescribing doctor’s contact information
• A label on the medication containing information about the patient, the prescribing physician, and the dispensing facility, including contact information

There is no requirement for travelers to obtain prior authorization. Medications sent by mail for personal use must be imported through a licensed pharmacy in Fiji. Inspections are conducted by Customs (Fiji Revenue and Customs Service). (Government information.)²¹⁷

The agency responsible is the Fiji Medicines Regulatory Authority within the Ministry of Health.

3.42. Gabon¶

No national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

According to the Gabonese Customs Guide, narcotics and psychotropic substances are prohibited unless accompanied by a doctor’s prescription or medical certificate. No maximum quantity is specified. A verbal declaration is considered a customs declaration. Providing false information regarding prohibited goods constitutes a customs offense (seizure, fine, and, if applicable, imprisonment). (Official information.)²¹⁸ The same guide generally requires an import permit and approval from the Direction de la Pharmacie et du Médicament for human medications. The guide does not specify whether this also applies to medications for personal use while traveling. (Official information.)²¹⁸

We were unable to find an email address for the relevant authority. We recommend contacting the Gabonese Embassy in advance.

3.43. Gambia¶

No national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

Travelers do not need authorization from the Medicines Control Agency (MCA) for medications for personal use if the quantity of controlled substances (e.g., psychotropic drugs) does not exceed a 30-day supply (as of September 18, 2026). The following must be submitted to the agency: (Official information.)²¹⁹

• Name, address, and contact information of the licensed physician
• Original or certified copy of the prescription

For larger quantities, an Import Clearance Permit must be obtained in advance from the MCA (Form MCA-F-113/03 for controlled drugs). MCA inspectors inspect imports at the point of entry. Products imported without the required authorization may be seized, returned, or destroyed. (Official information.)²¹⁹ The Embassy in Brussels also recommends an original medical certificate and notes that checks may be conducted at points of entry against the list of essential medicines. (Embassy information.)²²⁰ The Federal Foreign Office recommends an English-language medical certificate from the attending physician. (Travel advisory.)²²¹

Contact: Medicines Control Agency, Sukuta, email info@mca.gm. (Government information.)²¹⁹

3.44. Georgia¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Georgian Embassy in Germany, as of November 20, 2023, it is highly likely* That controlled substances may be transported using the “International” form *.

The embassy warned that even when importing narcotic or psychotropic substances for personal medical use, extreme caution is required to avoid potentially committing a criminal offense under Georgian law. Before entering the country, it is strongly recommended that you contact the relevant Georgian authorities to ensure compliance with the requirements and to obtain any necessary documents for legal importation.

The Georgian Narcotics Act (consolidated version of April 14, 2026) lists amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, methylphenidate, and dronabinol in Schedule II. Tetrahydrocannabinols are listed in Schedule I (narcotics subject to strictly restricted distribution). (Legal provision.)²²²
List II includes controlled substances with restricted distribution: controlled substances posing a high medical and social risk that are authorized for medical use in Georgia, their dosage forms, and other substances that are equivalent to them in terms of their medical and social risk and whose distribution is restricted in Georgia.

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 31 days. The following are required: (Official information.)²²³ * (Official information.)*²²⁴

• a copy of the prescription with an English translation and an apostille
• a medical certificate in English
• a document issued by the authorities of the country of departure certifying the authenticity of the prescription and certificate, bearing an apostille
• the submission of the documents along with the customs declaration

Substances listed in Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention and Schedule I of the 1971 Convention are prohibited. (Government information.)²²³

Lisdexamfetamine is not listed in the Georgian Narcotics Act (as amended on April 14, 2026). In addition to the substances listed, Schedule II includes only their isomers, ethers, salts, and dosage forms. (Legal provision.)²²² Before traveling with lisdexamfetamine, it is advisable to submit an inquiry to the Regulation Agency (drugcontrol@moh.gov.ge). Controlled substances may not be sent to Georgia by mail or shipped from Georgia. (Legal provision.)²²²

The competent authority is the Regulation Agency for Medical and Pharmaceutical Activities, 144 Ak. Tsereteli Ave., 0159 Tbilisi, email drugcontrol@moh.gov.ge. (Government information.)²²³ Questions regarding customs are handled by the Revenue Service of the Georgian Ministry of Finance.

 

3.45. Ghana¶

In Ghana, methylphenidate is a psychotropic substance listed in Schedule VII, while amphetamine (including salts, derivatives, and isomers—and thus also dexamphetamine) is listed in Schedule V of the Narcotics Control Commission Act of 2020. Both are classified as “narcotic drugs” under the law. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Importing a “narcotic drug” without a license from the Minister of Health is a criminal offense (see Section 36(1)). The law does not provide for an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)²²⁹

According to the INCB Country Profile, travelers need: (Information from the authorities.)²³⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Ghanaian health authority (Food and Drugs Authority)
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

The maximum quantities are based on the guidelines of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND Resolution 46/6); no specific quantity is specified for stimulants. Prohibited substances are not listed. The Public Health Act provides for an import permit from the Food and Drugs Authority for personal use (see § 118(2)). (Legal provision.)²³¹ No separate application procedure for travelers was found. Officials of the Drug Control Authority are authorized to search luggage at airports and seize items (see Section 33 of Act 1019).

Contact: Food and Drugs Authority, Accra, email fda@fdaghana.gov.gh. (Government information.)²³⁰

3.46. Grenada¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are controlled psychotropic substances in Grenada under Schedule I, Part II of the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)²³²

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in national sources. According to Section 4 of the law, the importation of controlled substances is permitted only if an exemption regulation applies, authorization has been granted by the Minister of Health, or the substances are in transit. No exemption regulation specifically for travelers was found. Under customs law, controlled substances are classified as goods subject to import restrictions (Sec. 44). Unauthorized importation is punishable by a fine of up to 500,000 EC$ and/or up to 20 years’ imprisonment. (Legal provision.)²³²

We recommend applying for permission from the Ministry of Health or checking with the embassy before your trip and declaring your medications upon entry. We were unable to find an email address for the Ministry of Health.

3.47. United Kingdom¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck’s practice to the British Embassy in Germany, as of July 25, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

People who are not residents of the United Kingdom may import no more than a 3-month supply. Medications containing controlled substances must be carried in carry-on luggage and may be confiscated at the border if proof of a prescription cannot be provided. A letter is required stating: “ * ” (Information from the authorities.)*²³³

• Patient’s name
• Dates of entry and exit
• List of medications, including quantity, dosage, and strength
• Signature of the prescribing physician

Schedule 1 substances may not be imported without a license, even with a Schengen certificate. For stays longer than 3 months, a prescription from a doctor in the United Kingdom or, in exceptional cases, a personal license is required. (Government information.)²³³

Travelers generally receive licenses for Schedule 1 substances only as part of clinical trials. Contact: Drugs and Firearms Licensing Unit, PO Box 2163, Croydon CR90 9TA, Tel. 0300 105 0248, Email DFLU.ie@homeoffice.gov.uk. (Government information.)²³⁴

Under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, amphetamine and methylphenidate—including their stereoisomers (i.e., dexamphetamine and levamphetamine)—as well as lisdexamfetamine and dronabinol are listed in Schedule 2. (Legal provision.)²³⁵ Cannabis, cannabis resin, and cannabinoid derivatives other than dronabinol are listed in Schedule 1 and may not be imported without a license. (Legal provision.)²³⁶ Cannabis-based medicines may only be carried if they are prescribed by a doctor and meet the definition set forth in the 2018 Regulations. A doctor’s note stating this must be carried. (Government information.)²³⁴ Further information is available at GOV.UK: Taking medicine into or out of the UK.
Additional information may be available at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/drugs-licensing

The United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) has never been a member of the Schengen Area. (Government information.)²⁶

In 2010, 0.03% of adults aged 19 and older in Western Europe (France, Spain, United Kingdom) were prescribed ADHD medications (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

Since 2015, blood concentration limits have been in effect for 17 substances when driving. Prior to 2015, the model of demonstrating impairment (clinical examination, assessment) was in effect. (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)²³⁷ In England and Wales, the threshold for amphetamine is 250 µg/l. The thresholds for medications were deliberately set high so as not to deter patients from taking them; amphetamine was apparently treated the same way due to its medical use. Drivers who can prove they were taking the medication as prescribed may invoke a legal defense (medical defense). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,684, n = 218, E 3.)²³⁸

Levels above the amphetamine threshold of 250 µg/l were found in blood samples from drivers under suspicion or involved in accidents in England and Wales (2010 to 2012, prior to the introduction of the thresholds) 25.2% of amphetamine-positive samples (n = 218, median 245 µg/l), compared with 94.6% of samples containing benzoylecgonine and 64.9% of cannabis samples. Thus, the thresholds detected medications at therapeutic concentrations less frequently than illegal drugs. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,684, n = 218, E 3.)²³⁸

3.48. Guatemala¶

Methylphenidate is a controlled psychotropic substance in Guatemala. (Legal provision.)²³⁹ Prescriptions for methylphenidate, like those for narcotics, require authorization from the Ministry of Health (Form F-SI-f-14). (Government information.)²⁴⁰ Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are not listed among the psychotropic substances regulated in the country, but as internationally controlled substances, they are subject to the same controls. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)²³⁹

No specific rule for travelers was found in national sources. The Ministry of Health’s import procedure applies to registered companies. According to the travel advisory issued by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, tourists may carry a full course of prescribed medication for personal use in their carry-on luggage, in its original packaging and accompanied by a prescription or a doctor’s note. (Travel Advisory.)²⁴¹

We recommend contacting the Ministry of Health in advance in writing (Sección de Psicotrópicos, Estupefacientes, Importaciones y Exportaciones, email: controlados@mspas.gob.gt). (Government information.)²⁴⁰

3.49. Guinea¶

Guinea adopts the lists of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances set forth in the ratified international conventions (Art. 155 of the Medicines Act). Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are thus controlled as substances listed in Schedule II of the 1971 Convention. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. The import and export of narcotics require a special permit from the Minister of Health for each transaction (Art. 152). The rules governing psychotropic substances are to be set forth in a decree (Art. 154), which could not be located. (Legal Norm.)²⁴²

No provision regarding travelers was found in national sources. According to the Criminal Code, only the use of controlled substances without a doctor’s prescription is prohibited (Art. 831). Violations of the provisions governing the import and export of substances listed in Schedules I and II are punishable by 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment (Art. 819). (Legal provision.)²⁴³ The Federal Foreign Office recommends carrying a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medication. (Travel advisory.)²⁴⁴

We were unable to find an email address for the relevant authority. We recommend contacting the Guinean Embassy in advance.

3.50. Guinea-Bissau¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed in Table II of Guinea-Bissau’s Drug Law and are considered high-risk drugs. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list. (Legal provision.)²⁴⁵

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in the national sources. Anyone who transports, imports, transits, or unlawfully possesses substances listed in Schedules I and II without authorization is punishable by 2 to 12 years’ imprisonment (Art. 3). The law does not provide an exception for travelers with a prescription. The use of controlled substances without a doctor’s prescription is considered unauthorized use (Art. 2). Quantities exceeding the average requirement for 5 days are no longer considered for personal use (Art. 8). (Legal provision.)²⁴⁵ Customs generally permits medications in quantities corresponding to travelers’ personal needs. (Official information.)²⁴⁶ The Federal Foreign Office recommends a medical certificate in English attesting to the necessity of the medications. (Travel advisory.)²⁴⁷

We were unable to locate a licensing authority or an email address. We recommend that you obtain written authorization or information from the Embassy of Guinea-Bissau before your trip.

3.51. Guyana¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II, Part II of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act in Guyana and are considered “narcotics” under the Act’s definition. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)²⁴⁸

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in national sources. Under the law, importation is considered “trafficking” (drug trafficking); the only exceptions are license holders and the dispensing and administration of drugs for medical purposes by a “practitioner.” Only a physician registered in Guyana is considered a “practitioner.” A foreign prescription is therefore not covered by the wording of the law. (Legal provision.)²⁴⁸ The import form from the Medicines Authority is intended for commercial importers. (Government information.)²⁴⁹

We recommend obtaining written authorization from the Government Analyst, Food and Drug Department (GA-FDD), Georgetown, email gafdd@moh.gov.gy, before traveling. (Government information.)²⁵⁰

3.52. Haiti¶

The Haitian drug law incorporates the schedules of the UN conventions; however, the annexed schedules listing individual substances could not be located. Consequently, no specific classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. Possession of substances listed in Schedules II and III is permitted only under the conditions authorized by law (Art. 36). The law does not contain an explicit provision for travelers. (Legal provision.)²⁵¹

According to the INCB Country Profile, travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 30 days. A valid doctor’s prescription is required. No prior authorization is required. (Government information.)²⁵²

Contact: Ministry of Public Health and Population, Directorate of Pharmacy, Medicines, and Traditional Medicine, Email: dpmmt@mspp.gouv.ht. (Government information.)²⁵²

3.53. Honduras¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances in Honduras (Lista Verde, Sección B). The use, import, and transport of these substances are permitted only with authorization from the Agencia de Regulación Sanitaria (ARSA). This does not apply to medications for personal use that travelers carry with them. However, travelers must apply in advance to ARSA for a special personal authorization (Autorización Especial Personal). Upon submission of the required documents, carrying these substances is permitted (as of 02/2026). (Official information.)²⁵³ The required documents, deadline, and application process are not specified in the Comunicado. No maximum quantity is specified.

The U.S. Embassy reports an increase in seizures of medical supplies by Honduran customs. (Travel Advisory.)²⁵⁴

We recommend that you apply for the permit in a timely manner with the ARSA or to check with the Honduran Embassy.

3.54. Hong Kong¶

Methylphenidate and amphetamine are classified as “dangerous drugs” in Hong Kong under First Schedule, Part I of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134). Dexamfetamine is covered by the stereoisomer clause. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)²⁵⁵ Lisdexamfetamine preparations (Vyvanse) are registered in Hong Kong as prescription poisons (Part 1, Schedules 1 and 3 Poisons), not as dangerous drugs. (Government information.)²⁵⁶

Any visitor (including those in transit) who wishes to bring medications containing dangerous drugs into Hong Kong for personal use must obtain prior written authorization from the Drug Office. Processing typically takes 10 business days after all documents have been received. A certificate from the prescribing physician is required, stating: (Government information.)²⁵⁷

• the doctor’s full name and registration number
• Name and address of the practice
• Date of Issue
• the patient’s full name and home address
• Active ingredient, dosage form, strength, and total amount per medication
• original handwritten signature

You must carry a doctor’s certificate and authorization upon entry and throughout your stay. No specific maximum quantity is specified. (Government information.)²⁵⁷ Controlled goods must be declared in the red channel. (Government information.)²⁵⁸

Contact: Drug Office, Department of Health, email pharmgeneral@dh.gov.hk. (Government information.)²⁵⁷

In 2010, 0.05% of adults aged 19 and older in the Asia and Australia region (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) received ADHD medication (95% CI 0.004 to 0.10). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

3.55. India¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are classified as psychotropic substances in India under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985. (Legal provision.)²⁵⁹ They are not listed in Schedule I of the NDPS Rules (substances prohibited in India). (Legal provision.)²⁶⁰ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

Travelers who wish to bring narcotics or psychotropic substances into the country must apply for an import permit from the Narcotics Commissioner (Central Bureau of Narcotics, Gwalior) well in advance of their departure. The application must be accompanied by a prescription and other relevant documentation. The medications may only be brought into the country after the permit has been issued. A permit may also be requested for substances that are prohibited in India. No maximum quantity or specific time limit is specified. (Government information.)²⁶¹

No email address for the Narcotics Commissioner could be found.

The only stimulant available on site was methylphenidate. (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

3.56. Indonesia¶

In Indonesia, amphetamine and dexamphetamine are classified as Group I controlled substances (Narkotika Golongan I). (Legal provision.)²⁶² Methylphenidate is a Group II psychotropic substance (Psikotropika Golongan II). (Legal provision.)²⁶³ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed by name in the national schedule.

Medications containing narcotics may not be brought in from abroad. This means that amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations are prohibited. Psychotropic medications (Groups II through IV) may only be imported by foreign nationals in their personal luggage; they may not be sent by mail or courier. The quantity must not exceed the amount needed for 60 days of treatment. A doctor’s prescription in English from the medication’s country of origin is required. Prior authorization is not required. The medications must be declared on the customs declaration form; customs authorities will decide whether to release them. (Government information.)²⁶⁴ Under the Psychotropic Substances Act, the prescription or medical certificate must explicitly state the daily dosage. (Legal provision.)²⁶⁵

Contact: Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM), Directorate of Supervision of the Distribution and Service of Medicines, Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances, and Precursors. No email address was found.

3.57. Iraq¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are listed as psychotropic substances in the schedules to Law No. 50/2017 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances in Iraq. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)²⁶⁸

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in the national sources. According to Article 18 of the law, individuals may possess narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for their own medical treatment—solely for health reasons—in the quantities prescribed by a physician. However, pursuant to Article 8, the import, export, and transport of these substances are permitted only with a license or the approval of the Minister of Health. The law does not specify how these two provisions apply to travelers in conjunction with one another. (Legal provision.)²⁶⁸

We recommend checking with the Iraqi Embassy or the Ministry of Health in advance. We were unable to find an email address.

3.58. Iran¶

Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are controlled substances (psychotropic drugs) in Iran. They are listed in Annex 1 (List of Controlled Substances) of the customs regulations governing the release of medications in luggage. Amphetamine (racemic) is not listed there. (Legal provisions.)²⁶⁹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

According to the INCB Country Profile (as of 2025), travelers may carry only the amount necessary for the duration of their stay. For stays longer than 6 months, a doctor in Iran must be consulted to obtain an extension. The following are required: (Government information.)²⁷⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs
• Only medications in their original packaging, in good condition, with the name, manufacturer, and valid expiration date clearly indicated

The customs directive permits the release of medicines for personal use, following review of the documentation by the Customs Technical Inspection Department, up to an estimated supply of no more than 6 months. Controlled medications (substances listed in the three UN Conventions on Narcotic Drugs) also require an import and release permit. Final approval is granted by the Director General for Medicines and Controlled Substances of the Iranian Food and Drug Administration (IFDA). Medicines not listed on the official Iranian drug list are released only following a decision by an IFDA committee. If labeling is in a language other than Persian or English, an official translation may be required. (Legal provision.)²⁶⁹ The customs regulation is thus stricter than the INCB Country Profile, which requires only the original prescription. It is not specified whether authorization can be requested prior to travel or is granted only upon arrival.

According to the travel advisory issued by the Federal Foreign Office, violations of the Narcotics Act are punishable by long prison sentences even for the smallest amounts. A travel warning is in effect for Iran. (Travel Advisory.)²⁷¹

Contact: Iran Food and Drug Administration, email ICSA@fda.gov.ir. (Regulatory information.)²⁷⁰

3.59. Ireland¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Schedule 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2017 in Ireland. (Legal provision.)²⁷²

Ireland is not part of the Schengen Area. The rules for travelers depend on which country they are entering from (as of March 30, 2023). (Government information.)²⁷³

• Residents of the Schengen Area who are entering from within the Schengen Area require, for substances listed in Schedules II and III, a certificate pursuant to Article 75 of the Schengen Implementation Convention, issued by the competent authority of their country of residence, for a maximum of 30 days’ supply
• Visitors entering from non-Schengen countries may bring up to a 3-month supply of prescription medications for personal use

Irish approval of the product is not required for import with an Article 75 certificate. (Regulatory information.)²⁷³ The INCB Country Profile also lists: (Regulatory information.)²⁷⁴

• a valid prescription; the original must be presented to customs
• a copy of the prescription and/or a letter from the doctor or the dispensing pharmacy stating the medical condition and indicating that the medications are for personal use
• Original packaging with the patient’s name clearly printed on it (recommended)

The customs officer must be satisfied that the documentation substantiates the quantity and personal use. The decision rests with Irish Customs. Prescription and non-prescription cannabis products may not be imported. (Government information.)²⁷⁴

Contact: Department of Health, Medicines, Controlled Drugs and Pharmacy Legislation Unit, email controlled_drugs@health.gov.ie, and Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA), email controlleddrugs@hpra.ie. (Government information.)²⁷⁴

Under the Schengen Protocol, Ireland does not participate in the Schengen Area (opt-out). (Government information.)²⁶

3.60. Israel¶

The Israeli Ministry of Health’s guidelines classify preparations containing mixed amphetamine salts (Attent) and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) as controlled substances under the Controlled Substances (Dangerous Drugs) Ordinance. (Government information.)⁶ It does not contain any specific information regarding the classification of methylphenidate.

Substances listed in the Controlled Substances Ordinance may be imported in quantities sufficient for 31 days (as of May 28, 2024). The general rule allowing up to a 90-day supply expressly does not apply to narcotics and psychotropic substances. The following are required: (Official information.)⁶ * (Official information.)*²⁷⁵

• a photocopy of a valid prescription
• the medication in its original packaging, as it was dispensed
• a permit to carry a controlled substance, issued or certified by the competent health authority of the country of residence

An Israeli pre-entry permit is not required for travelers entering the country. Anyone who leaves the airport during a layover must also comply with the rules of the transit country. (Official information.)⁶

Contact: Ministry of Health, Pharmaceutical Division, Pharmaceuticals and Drugs Department (the competent authority for narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursor chemicals), email PERMITS@MOH.GOV.IL or rok.import@moh.gov.il. (Government information.)²⁷⁵

For controlled substances, the country required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴ According to the Ministry of Health’s most recent guidelines, however, an Israeli pre-approval is not required for travelers entering the country. (Official Information.)⁶

3.61. Jamaica¶

The classification of methylphenidate and amphetamines under the Jamaican Dangerous Drugs Act could not be clarified. Under the law, dangerous drugs may only be imported with an import authorization from the Chief Medical Officer. (Legal provision.)²⁷⁶ In the Ministry of Health’s list of medications for public institutions, methylphenidate is listed as a stimulant with restricted use, not as a controlled substance or narcotic. (Government information.)²⁷⁷ Amphetamines and lisdexamfetamine are not listed there. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Prescriptions containing controlled substances require a special permit from the Ministry of Health and Wellness. Applications can be submitted by email. The Ministry will send the permit directly to the applicant before the departure date. It must be carried upon entry. The permitted quantity is limited to the duration of the stay. The following are required for the application: (Embassy information.)²⁷⁸

• a doctor’s letter stating the patient’s name and medical condition
• a copy of the prescription showing the name, strength, and quantity of the medication for the duration of the stay
• Flight information (arrival and departure dates, flight numbers, departure and arrival airports)
• the residential address in Jamaica
• The patient’s contact information and the doctor’s phone number

For standard prescription medications, the Embassy in Brussels specifies that the required documentation includes a copy of all prescriptions (name, quantity, strength, dosage), clearly labeled original containers, and a doctor’s letter describing the condition being treated. In contrast, the Jamaican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the High Commission in London require special authorization for prescription medications in general. Without authorization, the medications will be confiscated by customs. (Government information.)²⁷⁹ * (Embassy information.)*²⁸⁰ As a precaution, you should therefore apply for a special permit for ADHD stimulants. As of September 1, 2023, an electronic customs declaration (C5) is required prior to entry. (Government information.)²⁸¹

Contact: Chief Dangerous Drugs Inspector, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Pharmaceutical and Regulatory Affairs Division, Kingston; email: edwardsv@moh.gov.jm or ParchmentT@moh.gov.jm. (Embassy information.)²⁷⁸

3.62. Japan¶

As of: October 3, 2026

Methylphenidate (classified as a psychotropic drug in Japan) may be imported without a permit or a doctor’s certificate, provided the quantity does not exceed the maximum amount specified in the table published by the Japanese authorities (excluding injectable forms). For larger quantities, a medical certificate must be carried (name, medical condition, necessity, medications with dosage and strength, signature, date issued). For quantities exceeding a one-month supply, a request must be submitted via email to yakkan@mhlw.go.jp. (Official information.)²⁸² APPLICATION GUIDANCE, Narcotics Control Department: Psychotropic Drugs
Modafinil may also be imported in this manner. The maximum quantities listed in the table are 2.16 g for methylphenidate and 6 g for modafinil (a one-month supply in each case). (Government information.)²⁸³ List of active ingredients that may be imported in this manner.

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is classified in Japan as a raw material for stimulants (“Stimulants’ Raw Materials”) and may only be imported with a prior import permit; if returning with any remaining quantities, an export permit is also required. The application (form, medical certificate stating the specific reason for treatment, issued no more than 3 months prior, and photos of the packaging) must be submitted to the Narcotics Control Department at the airport of arrival at least 14 days before the trip. The permit must be presented to customs. Lisdexamfetamine is therefore not included in the list of psychotropic substances that may be imported without a permit. (Government information.)²⁸² APPLICATION GUIDANCE, Narcotics Control Department: Narcotics / Stimulants’ Raw Materials

For arrivals at Haneda and Narita, the Narcotics Control Department requires: (Government information.)²⁸⁴

• All documents as email attachments, not via cloud services
• A medical certificate no more than 3 months old, stating the specific reason for treatment (terms such as “personal use,” “medical conditions,” “travel,” or “illness” are not sufficient), the names of medications and their dosages, the doctor’s office information, and the doctor’s signature
• Photos of your own packages from multiple angles, showing the entire label
• Driver’s license or a bill as proof of address, if the address is not listed on the medical certificate
• For stays longer than 90 days, a visa, employment contract, or letter of admission is also required

If no export permit is required, simply include the sentence “I do not need an export permit” in the email. (Government information.)²⁸⁴

Amphetamine, including dexamphetamine (e.g., Attentin) and levamphetamine—and thus Adderall as well—may not be imported into Japan, even with a prescription. (Official information.)²⁸²

Cannabis in plant form may not be imported. ?9-THC, also known as dronabinol, is classified as a narcotic and may be imported in accordance with the requirements for narcotics described above. (Official information.)²⁸⁵ In contrast, the Japanese Customs brochure prohibits the importation of cannabis and cannabis derivatives, even for medical purposes. (Official information.)²⁸⁶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Practice to the Embassy of Japan in Germany, as of November 9, 2023, it is possible to carry controlled substances by using the “International” form. Additional requirements apply. There are also regulations governing export. Notes from the Embassy:

General Medications:
Bringing Medications into Japan, Embassy of Japan in Switzerland (June 17, 2026)
Link to the online medication registration form (“Create Account”)

Depending on the type and quantity of the medication, you must apply for and obtain an import confirmation (Yunyu Kakunin-sho, formerly Yakkan Shoumei) before departure, at least 2 weeks prior to your trip. The relevant authority is: (Embassy Information.)²⁸⁷

• Kanto-Shin’etsu Regional Bureau for Narita and Tokyo (Haneda), Tel. +81-48-740-0800, Email yakkan@mhlw.go.jp
• Kinki Regional Bureau for Chubu Centrair and Kansai, Tel. +81-6-6942-4096, Email kiyakuji@mhlw.go.jp
• Okinawa Narcotics Control Office for Naha, Tel. +81-98-853-7100, Email okinawa-yakuji@mhlw.go.jp

yakkan@mhlw.go.jp applies to psychotropic drugs such as methylphenidate in quantities exceeding a one-month supply, regardless of the airport. (Official information.)²⁸²

Even for a shorter trip, you should definitely bring a note from your doctor (with a stamp and signature) to prove that you personally need the medication.
Medications should always be carried in their original packaging and with the package insert.

Importation of Narcotics
The Narcotics Control Department is responsible for this.
All necessary information, registration forms, a list of permitted and prohibited substances, quantity restrictions, etc., can be found at https://www.ncd.mhlw.go.jp/en/application2.html

The only stimulants approved for use at the site were OROS methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine; immediate release methylphenidate was not approved. Only specially qualified physicians were authorized to prescribe these medications, and the duration of the prescription was limited. (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

In 2010, only 0.003% of adults aged 19 and older received ADHD medication, the lowest national figure in a comparative study involving 13 countries and one special administrative region (Asia and Australia: 0.05%, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.10). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

3.63. Yemen¶

Methylphenidate is listed in Table 4 of Yemen’s Narcotics Act No. 3/1993 (maximum quantities per medical prescription; 30 tablets for methylphenidate). Amphetamine and dexamfetamine are not listed in the version accessed. According to Article 3, the importation of narcotics requires prior written authorization from the Ministry of Health. The law does not mention travelers. (Legal provision.)²⁸⁸ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

According to the information sheet issued by the Supreme Authority for Medicines and Medical Devices (SBDMA) in Aden, which is attached to the INCB Country Profile, medicines containing substances covered by Law No. 3/1993 are permitted upon entry only for personal use and for a maximum of one month, even if a larger quantity is carried (as of January 1, 2025). For non-residents, the limit is one month or the duration of stay, whichever is shorter. Excess quantities are destroyed under the supervision of the drug control authority. Required documents: (Official information.)¹²

• A detailed medical report from the treating facility, stamped by state health authorities, no more than 3 months old (personal information, diagnosis, active ingredient and dosage, treatment plan and duration)
• a prescription in the patient’s name, no more than 6 months old (active ingredient, dosage form, dose, duration of treatment, facility stamp)
• a copy of your passport or ID, your current address, and your phone number

The INCB form also requires a certificate from the Yemeni health authorities. There are no instructions on how to apply for this certificate. This rule applies to the territory administered by the internationally recognized government (Aden). No rules for travelers were found for the territory administered by the de facto authorities in Sanaa.

Contact: Supreme Board of Drugs and Medical Appliances, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Control Department, Aden. (Government information.)¹²

Following an analysis of the INCB’s list of psychotropic substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ According to the most recent information sheet from the drug regulatory authority in Aden (as of January 1, 2025), however, medications containing substances listed under the Narcotics Act are permitted upon entry for a maximum of one month. (Official information.)¹² The Narcotics Act lists methylphenidate in Table 4 with maximum quantities per medical prescription. (Legal provision.)²⁸⁸

3.64. Jordan¶

The classification of methylphenidate and amphetamines under the Jordanian Narcotics Act could not be clarified. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. The list of drugs prohibited in Jordan published by the U.S. Department of State (alprazolam, trihexyphenidyl, codeine, procyclidine, tramadol, pregabalin) does not include any ADHD stimulants. (Travel Advisory.)²⁸⁹

According to the INCB Country Profile, anyone wishing to import or export narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances for personal use must obtain a permit from the Drug Directorate of the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) (as of 2025). The quantity is limited to a maximum of 6 months’ supply. The following are also required: (Government information.)²⁹⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence

The application process and deadline for approval are not specified. It is advisable to contact the JFDA or the embassy in advance.

Contact: Jordan Food and Drug Administration, Drug Directorate, Department of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Control. (Government information.)²⁹⁰

3.65. Cambodia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table II of Cambodia’s 2012 Drug Control Law (substances posing a serious risk but having medical uses). (Legal provision.)²⁹¹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No provision regarding travelers was found in national sources. The law contains no exceptions for travelers or personal use. The transportation, possession, and use of substances listed in Schedules I through III are prohibited without a permit or license from the competent authorities (Art. 10). The transit and passage of substances listed in Schedules II and III are prohibited, except for medicinal purposes with permission from or under the supervision of the Ministry of Health (Art. 18). Permits are issued by the Ministry of Health (Art. 14). Unauthorized possession or transport of substances listed in Schedules I and II is punishable by 2 to 5 years’ imprisonment; for larger quantities, the penalty is more severe. (Legal provision.)²⁹¹

Before traveling, it is advisable to obtain written permission from the Ministry of Health (Department of Drugs and Food) or to inquire with the Royal Cambodian Embassy. The U.S. Department of State generally recommends carrying prescription medications in their original packaging along with the doctor’s prescription and verifying their legality with the embassy. (Travel Advisory.)²⁹²

3.66. Cameroon¶

The Cameroonian Narcotics Act (Law No. 97/019 of August 7, 1997) distinguishes between Schedule II (substances with high risk and medical benefits) and Schedule III (substances with risk and medical benefits). The schedules themselves were not accessible. It was therefore not possible to determine in which schedule methylphenidate and amphetamines are listed. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Persons undergoing treatment who are transiting through Cameroon may possess, for personal use, medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II for a maximum of 7 days of treatment and those listed in Schedule III for a maximum of 30 days of treatment (Art. 62). They must carry the corresponding medical prescriptions with them. (Legal provision.)²⁹³ The law does not contain an explicit provision for travelers entering the country for a stay. According to a letter from the Ministry of Health to the INCB, outside of these cases, any import or export of controlled substances requires prior authorization (as of April 19, 2005). No deadline is specified. (Official information.)²⁹⁴ Anyone staying in Cameroon should therefore apply for authorization in advance from the Ministry of Health.

Contact: Ministry of Public Health, Directorate of Pharmacy, Medicines, and Laboratories (DPML), email info@dpml.cm. (Government information.)²⁹⁵

3.67. Canada¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Practice to the Canadian Embassy in Germany, as of August 26, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form. There are additional requirements:

Prescription medications containing controlled substances:

Amphetamines, including dexamfetamine, are listed in Schedule I, and methylphenidate is listed in Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. (Legal provision.)²⁹⁶ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named, but as an amphetamine derivative, it falls under Schedule I. (ADxS assessment.)

Effective October 1, 2026, uniform rules apply to the importation of all controlled substances listed in Schedules 1 through 3 of the Controlled Substances Regulations. Importation is permitted if: (Legal provision.)²⁹⁷

• the medication is intended for one’s own use, for a traveling companion, or for a traveling animal, and is carried in one’s own possession or luggage
• it is declared to customs upon entry
• it is contained in a container provided by a healthcare provider, whose label lists the patient’s name, the prescriber’s name, the name or brand name of the medication, the dosage form, the strength, and the quantity, as well as the DIN number and daily dose, if applicable
• the quantity does not exceed a 90-day supply based on the daily dose listed on the label

Original German packaging usually does not include a label with the patient’s name and daily dose. A pharmacy label with this information can help prevent problems. (ADxS assessment.)

Health Canada specifically lists amphetamines and methylphenidate as commonly prescribed controlled substances. The 90-day supply is calculated based on the usual daily dose. A doctor’s note may be carried, but is not required. Products containing controlled substances may not be mailed to Canada. For stays longer than 90 days, contact the Exemptions Section (exemption@hc-sc.gc.ca) without providing detailed health information. The same rules apply when leaving the country. (Government information.)²⁹⁸

Contacts

• For questions about entering and leaving Canada with prescription medications that contain controlled substances:
  • Exemptions Department, Email: exemption@hc-sc.gc.ca
  • Compliance Department, Email: compliance-conformite@hc-sc.gc.ca

3.68. Cape Verde¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Cape Verde under the Psychotropic Substances of UN Schedule II in the Drug Law (Lei nº 78/IV/93) and are therefore classified as high-risk drugs (Table II). (Legal provisions.)²⁹⁹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. The use of controlled substances without a doctor’s prescription is considered unauthorized use (Art. 2 a). (Legal provision.)²⁹⁹ The unauthorized importation and possession of substances listed in Schedules I and II are punishable by 4 to 12 years’ imprisonment (Art. 3). (Legal provision.)³⁰⁰ You should therefore carry the prescription with you. The Federal Foreign Office recommends carrying a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medication and points out Cape Verde’s zero-tolerance policy regarding drug possession. (Travel advisory.)³⁰¹ It is advisable to contact the embassy or health authorities in advance.

Contact: Independent Health Regulatory Authority (ERIS), email eris@eris.cv. (Government information.)³⁰²

3.69. Kazakhstan¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Kazakhstan under Table II, Section B (psychotropic substances used in medicine and subject to strict control) of the national control list. They are therefore not prohibited. (Legal provision.)³⁰³ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. However, the list also covers analogs of the psychotropic substances listed in Section B.

Individuals may import and export medicinal products containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for personal use for medical reasons, provided they have a supporting document (Art. 13, para. 4 of Law No. 279, as of December 27, 2018). The health authority determines the form of this document. The law does not specify a maximum quantity. Sending such medications by mail is prohibited (Art. 13, para. 5). (Legal provision.)³⁰⁴

According to the INCB Country Profile, the amount permitted is sufficient for a 5- to 10-day course of treatment (as of September 5, 2013). The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)³⁰⁵

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• the prescription label on the package

Prior authorization is not required. It has not been confirmed whether the information from 2013 is still current. It is advisable to check with the Ministry of Health or the embassy beforehand.

Contact: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana. (Government information.)³⁰⁵

3.70. Qatar¶

In Qatar, methylphenidate is included in the list of psychotropic substances permitted under certain conditions (maximum quantity: 60 days). Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are included in the list of narcotics permitted under certain conditions (maximum quantity: 10 days). (Official information.)³⁰⁶ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named on the national list. Unlisted active ingredients can be entered in the application system under “Other.” (Official information.)³⁰⁷

For narcotics, the maximum allowed quantity is a 10-day supply; for psychotropic drugs, the maximum allowed quantity is a 60-day supply of the prescribed medication (as of 2026). The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)³⁰⁶

• A prescription in English or Arabic, no more than 6 months old, including the patient’s full name, the medication with dosage and form of administration, duration of treatment, date of issuance, and the doctor’s name, signature, and stamp
• a medical report in English or Arabic, no more than 6 months old, including a diagnosis and treatment plan, certified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• a copy of your passport
• a signed statement indicating that the product is for personal use

Permits must be applied for in advance electronically through the Ministry of Health’s Controlled Medicines System (fli.moph.gov.qa). Applications are approved or denied within 3 business days after all required documents have been submitted. The permit is valid for 90 days from the date of issuance. (Official information.)³⁰⁷ Without prior authorization, travelers must declare narcotics and psychotropic substances upon arrival, accompanied by a prescription and a medical report. (Official information.)³⁰⁶

Contact: Ministry of Public Health, Pharmacy and Drug Control Department, Portal fli.moph.gov.qa. (Government information.)³⁰⁶

3.71. Kenya¶

It was not possible to verify the national classification of methylphenidate and amphetamines under Kenya’s Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act of 1994. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

Travelers are permitted to carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for 30 days (as of March 18, 2024). The following are required: (Official information.)³⁰⁸

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

An officially certified certificate or prior approval from Kenyan authorities is not required. The country profile does not list any prohibited substances.

Contact: Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Nairobi; email info@ppb.go.ke or admin@ppb.go.ke. (Government information.)³⁰⁸

3.72. Kyrgyzstan¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are listed in List II of psychotropic substances in Kyrgyzstan (restricted distribution, special control measures). They are therefore not prohibited. (Legal provision.)³⁰⁹

Individuals may carry limited quantities of medicinal products containing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for personal use for medical reasons (Art. 21, para. 5 of Law No. 69 of March 6, 2024). Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances imported or exported without a permit shall be confiscated (Art. 21, para. 6). (Legal provision.)³¹⁰ Under the law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), private individuals do not require a license to import such medications for personal use. Supporting medical documents specifying the name and quantity of the medication are required. (Legal provision.)³¹¹ Neither the law nor the Cabinet’s regulations specify a concrete maximum quantity. The INCB Country Profile requires (as of September 15, 2013): (Official information.)³¹²

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical document certifying the illness, issued by the health authorities of the country of origin
• Do not use more than the amount specified in the recipe

Prior approval is not required. It has not been confirmed whether confirmation from the health authority is still required.

3.73. Kiribati¶

Methylphenidate and amphetamines are not listed in Kiribati’s Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. It covers only opium, hemp, coca, morphine, cocaine, and their derivatives. (Legal provision.)³¹³ The Medicines Act 2018 designates narcotics and psychotropic drugs as “Level 4” (prescription required under the Controlled Drugs Prescribing Policy). It was not possible to determine which active ingredients are classified under this level. (Legal provision.)³¹⁴ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No regulations regarding travelers were found in national sources. The Medicines Act 2018 permits the importation of a drug not registered in Kiribati without a license if it is for personal medical use and is supported by a letter or certificate from the treating physician (Sec. 20 (1) (a)). However, the Act will not take effect until a date announced by the Minister (Sec. 3). No such announcement was found. (Legal provision.)³¹⁴ The Customs Act 2019 contains no provisions regarding medications carried by travelers and does not list ADHD stimulants among prohibited imports. (Legal provision.)³¹⁵ A doctor’s letter and the prescription should be carried with you. It is advisable to make a prior inquiry with Customs or the Ministry of Health and Medical Services.

3.74. Colombia¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck’s practice to the Colombian Embassy in Germany, as of July 18, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

Travelers are allowed to bring a certain amount for a standard 30-day course of treatment. A valid prescription is required, and the original must be presented to customs. A medical certificate endorsed by health authorities is not required. (Government information.)³¹⁶

The embassy also recommended bringing the form for the doctor’s certification and the state health department’s certification (translated into Spanish) to avoid problems upon entry.
The medical certificate must describe the contents of the medications in detail.
In addition, it was recommended that passengers contact the relevant airlines.

Specific inquiries regarding the importation of food and medicine may be directed to the agency responsible for customs matters in Colombia
DIAN (National Tax and Customs Directorate)

3.75. Comoros¶

The legal status of methylphenidate and amphetamines in the Comoros could not be determined. No national narcotics law was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

The Comorian customs authorities categorize narcotics and all other psychotropic substances as goods that travelers are not permitted to carry. The website does not mention an exception for medically prescribed medications. (Official information.)³¹⁷ According to the Customs Code, travelers may temporarily import items for personal use duty-free, except for items whose import is prohibited (Art. 346). The Customs Code does not contain a special provision for medications containing narcotics or psychotropic substances. (Legal provision.)³¹⁸ The U.S. Department of State specifies a minimum sentence of 5 years’ imprisonment for drug possession. (Travel advisory.)³¹⁹

Before traveling with ADHD stimulants, it is essential to obtain written approval from the drug regulatory authority (ANAMEV) or the Comoros Embassy.

3.76. Kosovo¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table I in Kosovo (high-risk substances with no use in human or veterinary medicine, the distribution of which is prohibited in Kosovo). Methylphenidate is listed in Table III (psychotropic drugs and preparations) (as of April 20, 2026). (Legal provision.)³²⁰ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Therefore, amphetamine and dexamfetamine preparations may not be imported.

Natural and legal persons without a license from the Ministry of Health, issued through the Kosovo Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AKPPM), are prohibited from importing or exporting substances listed in Schedules II and III. (Government information.)³²¹ Pursuant to Article 14.3 of Law No. 02/L-128, possession based on medical documentation by individuals being treated for an addiction, a condition associated with severe pain, or a malignant disease in its terminal stage is not considered import or export. For these individuals, the limit is the amount required for a maximum of 7 days (Table II) or 15 days (Table III). Narcotics carried across the border must be declared to customs, including their name, quantity, and medical documentation (Art. 14.6). (Legal provision.)³²² According to the wording, ADHD does not fall under this exception. Therefore, a license or authorization from the AKPPM must be obtained for methylphenidate prior to travel.

The German Foreign Office’s travel advisory—which states that there are no restrictions on importing prescription medications—does not apply to amphetamine-based medications or, according to the wording of the law, to methylphenidate. (Travel Advisory.)³²³

Contact: Kosovo Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices (AKPPM), akppm.rks-gov.net.

3.77. Cuba¶

According to Resolution 104/2022 of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP), travelers may only import the psychotropic medications listed in its appendices. The only substance on the UN Schedule II list is methylphenidate, up to a maximum of 1 g, for the treatment of attention deficit disorder in children aged 6 to 18 and narcolepsy, for the duration of the stay and for a maximum of 30 days (as of April 12, 2022). (Legal provision.)³²⁴ Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not included in the annexes and are therefore not permitted for travelers. Adults with ADHD are not covered by the wording of the regulation.

An original medical document from a healthcare facility in the country of residence, written in Spanish or English, no more than 3 months old, bearing the facility’s official stamp, and containing the following information is required: (Legal provision.)³²⁴

• Name, address, and contact information of the institution
• Patient information (gender, place and date of birth, home address, passport or ID number, country of residence)
• The physician’s name, medical license or certification number, and phone number
• Brand name, dosage form, active ingredient (INN), strength, total amount, and route of administration
• Diagnosis, daily dose, and duration of treatment
• Date of issuance and signature

No prior authorization is required (except for substitution therapies). Upon arrival, you must declare to customs that you are carrying these medications. The information must match the passenger declaration. The health authority representative at the terminal will approve or deny the import. If the required documentation is missing, customs will confiscate the medications. The shipment of Schedule II and III psychotropic substances is prohibited. (Legal provision.)³²⁴ The INCB Country Profile confirms this rule. (Official information.)³²⁵ The travel guide published by the Ministry of Transportation and Customs lists psychotropic substances generally among the prohibited imports. The more specific Resolution 104/2022 takes precedence. (Official information.)³²⁶

According to the travel advisory issued by the Federal Foreign Office, drug offenses are punishable by 4 to 30 years in prison. (Travel Advisory.)³²⁷

Contact: Ministry of Public Health, National Directorate of Medicines and Medical Technologies, Havana. (Government information.)³²⁵

3.78. Kuwait¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are classified in Kuwait as Group 2 (psychotropic substances) in Table 2 of Decree-Law 159/2025 (as of May 31, 2026). (Legal provision.)³²⁸

Patients entering the country may import psychotropic drugs listed in Tables 2, 3, and 4 of Group 2 in quantities sufficient for no more than one month (as of December 15, 2025). For Group 1 narcotics, the limit is 15 days. Required: (Legal provision.)³²⁹

• a medical report or prescription, certified prior to arrival by the Kuwaiti Health Office abroad or the Kuwaiti Embassy in the country where the document was issued
• Present to customs upon arrival

Without certification, customs will hold the medications until a doctor at the airport clinic certifies them within 24 hours. Excess quantities will be confiscated and turned over to the Ministry of Health. (Legal provision.)³²⁹ The U.S. Embassy explicitly states that methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine/dexamfetamine (Adderall) require certification and advises travelers to allow sufficient time. (Travel Advisory.)³³⁰ Travelers from Germany must obtain the certification from the Embassy of the State of Kuwait in Berlin.

Contact: Ministry of Health, Drug and Food Control Sector, Narcotic and Psychotropic Licensing Control, email sara.almaqseed@moh.gov.kw or aljragh@moh.gov.kw. (Government information.)³³¹

Amphetamine-based medications were available only on a limited basis (secondary citation from Alotaibi 2025). (Narrative review, k = 13, E 4.)²¹

3.79. Laos¶

The Lao list of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances authorized for import, sale, manufacture, and use (Regulation No. 08/MOH dated January 4, 2005) does not include methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamfetamine, and lisdexamfetamine. The list of psychotropic substances comprises a total of 12 substances (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, meprobamate, pentazocine). (Legal provision.)³³² According to this regulation, ADHD stimulants are not classified as approved medicinal products in Laos. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Possession of narcotics or psychotropic substances for treatment or for carrying while traveling requires a doctor’s prescription in accordance with Art. 14 of Decision No. 456/MOH (Art. 17, para. 2). Article 14 requires a prescription from a licensed physician on the official form. (Legal provision.)³³³ According to the INCB Country Profile, the prescribed dose is decisive (as of September 19, 2014). The following are required: (Official information.)³³⁴

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate confirmed by the health authorities of the country of residence
• a certificate issued by the Laotian health authorities
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

The Lao certificate must be applied for in advance from the Food and Drug Department of the Ministry of Health. No deadline is specified. Unauthorized possession is a criminal offense (Art. 24 of Decision No. 456/MOH). (Legal provision.)³³³

Contact: Food and Drug Department, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Email: lao_precurs456@yahoo.com.au. (Government information.)³³⁴

3.80. Lesotho¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Schedule 2 (High-Risk Drugs of Abuse) of Lesotho’s Drugs of Abuse Act 2008. They are therefore not prohibited (substances listed in Schedule 1 are prohibited). (Legal provision.)³³⁵ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Individuals undergoing medical treatment who enter, leave, or transit through Lesotho may possess prescribed controlled substances in quantities reasonably expected for their treatment (Sec. 10, as of May 27, 2008). The law does not specify a fixed maximum quantity or require prior authorization. (Legal provision.)³³⁵ The prescription or a medical certificate should be carried with you. Since entry usually takes place via South Africa, its transit regulations must also be observed.

3.81. Lebanon¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Lebanon in Table I (Prohibited Substances) of the schedules attached to Law No. 673/1998. Methylphenidate is listed in Table II (Narcotics) (as of January 2019). (Legal provision.)³³⁶ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. Therefore, amphetamine and dexamfetamine preparations may not be imported.

Individuals undergoing treatment may, while transiting through Lebanon, possess medications containing substances listed in Table II for up to 7 days and those listed in Table III for up to 30 days for personal use. This is subject to the presentation of a copy of the prescription certified by the dispensing pharmacist (Art. 101). (Legal provision.)³³⁷ The 7-day limit therefore applies to methylphenidate. According to the INCB Country Profile, the following are required (as of August 30, 2014): (Official information.)³³⁸

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a certified copy of the prescription bearing the stamp of the dispensing pharmacy
• a form of identification
• a medical report regarding the illness
• approval from the Narcotics Division of the Lebanese Ministry of Health

Approval must be obtained in advance. No deadline is specified.

Contact: Ministry of Public Health, Department of Narcotics, Beirut, email narcotics@moph.gov.lb. (Government information.)³³⁸

3.82. Liberia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Schedule II of Liberia’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act of 2023 (as of July 19, 2023). (Legal provision.)³³⁹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. The law makes it a criminal offense to import substances listed in Schedules I through IV without a license (written certificate or authorization) from the Ministry of Health (§ 14.83). It does not contain an exception for travelers or personal use. (Legal provision.)³³⁹ The Medicines Act also requires that every import or transit of medicines be registered and accompanied by a license or authorization from the Liberia Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Authority (LMHRA). (Legal provision.)³⁴⁰ Before traveling, it is advisable to obtain written authorization from the Ministry of Health or to submit a request to the Liberian Embassy. The Federal Foreign Office recommends a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medications. (Travel advisory.)³⁴¹

3.83. Libya¶

Methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, and levamfetamine are listed in Libya in Schedule 2 (psychotropic substances) of the Narcotics Act No. 7/1990, as amended by Amendment Act No. 23. Amphetamine (racemate) does not appear as a separate entry in the transcript reviewed. (Legal provision.)³⁴² Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. Narcotics and psychotropic substances may be imported only with a written license from the health authority and with the approval of the judicial authority (Art. 3). Such licenses are restricted to dealers, pharmacies, manufacturers, laboratories, and government agencies (Art. 4). Importation, possession, and transportation for personal use are punishable by imprisonment and a fine unless a license can be presented (Art. 37). (Legal provisions.)³⁴³ Importation for commercial purposes outside the cases permitted by law is punishable by the death penalty or life imprisonment. Commercial intent is presumed even for small quantities if the offender cannot prove any other purpose (Art. 34 and 35 bis as amended by Law No. 23). (Legal provision.)³⁴² Travelers therefore bear the burden of proof regarding personal use. It is strongly recommended to contact the Libyan Embassy before traveling. The German Foreign Office has issued a travel warning for Libya. (Travel advisory.)³⁴⁴

3.84. Macau¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in Macau under Schedule II-B (amphetamine-like substances with a stimulating effect on the central nervous system) of Law No. 17/2009. (Legal provision.)³⁴⁵ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

Persons entering or leaving Macau may carry substances and preparations listed in Tables I-A, II-B, II-C, III, and IV for personal use in quantities sufficient for no more than 30 days of treatment, provided they present a medical document justifying such use (Art. 9 of Decree-Law No. 34/99/M). If this document is missing, customs will detain the medications. If the health authority does not confirm the need for them, they will be confiscated. (Legal provision.)³⁴⁶ The INCB Country Profile confirms a 30-day allowance for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with a valid medical prescription (as of 01/2025). Prior authorization is not required. It lists Tables I-B, I-C, and II-A as prohibited, as well as amfepramone, phentermine, fenproporex, mefenorex, cathine, phendimetrazine, and dextropropoxyphene. (Official information.)³⁴⁷ ADHD stimulants listed in Table II-B are not included.

Contact: Pharmaceutical Administration Bureau (ISAF), Department of Vigilance, email info@isaf.gov.mo. (Regulatory information.)³⁴⁷

3.85. Madagascar¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table II of Law No. 97-039 on the Control of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances, and Precursors in Madagascar. They are therefore not prohibited (substances listed in Schedule I are prohibited, Art. 9). (Legal provision.)³⁴⁸ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

Individuals undergoing treatment who are in transit through Madagascar may possess, for personal use, medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II for a maximum of 7 treatment days and those listed in Schedule III for a maximum of 30 treatment days. They must carry the corresponding medical prescriptions with them (Art. 64). (Legal provision.)³⁴⁸ The 7-day limit thus applies to ADHD stimulants. It is not specified whether the rule also applies to stays in the country. Customs requires an import permit from the Ministry of Health and a clearance permit from the Ministry of the Interior for the import of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and products containing them. It does not mention a special rule for travelers. (Government information.)³⁴⁹ For quantities exceeding a 7-day supply, prior clarification with the Ministry of Health is required.

3.86. Malawi¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not listed in the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02), including its Schedule. (Legal provision.)³⁵⁰ Their regulation is governed by the Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority Act 2019, which regulates psychotropic substances separately. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

Travelers do not need an import permit for prescription medications for personal use, as long as the supply is sufficient for no more than six months (Sec. 58 (2), as of 2019). The quantity must be based on a prescription (Sec. 62 (4) (b)). (Legal provision.)³⁵¹ However, anyone importing narcotics or psychotropic substances for medical purposes requires, in addition to an import permit, further authorization from the authorities (Sec. 60). (Legal provision.)³⁵¹ The law does not expressly state whether this requirement also applies to travelers importing for personal use. It is therefore recommended to check with the authorities in advance.

The Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority (PMRA), P.O. Box 30241, Lilongwe 3, is responsible. (Government information.)³⁵²

3.87. Malaysia¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Malaysian Embassy in Germany, as of November 20, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

TRAVELER’S GUIDE TO BRINGING MEDICATION INTO MALAYSIA from the Malaysian Ministry of Health.

You may bring in no more than a one-month supply for your own use or for close family members traveling with you. The following are required: (Official information.)³⁵³ * (Official information.)*³⁵⁴

• the valid prescription or a letter from the doctor stating
  • Name of the medication
  • Dosage required for the traveler
  • amount brought
• in English; otherwise, with an attached translation
• Return label and original packaging

Amphetamine is classified as a “Dangerous Drug” in Malaysia. Prescription medications containing “Dangerous Drugs” must be declared at the border upon entry. (Government information.)³⁵³ Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in the Second Schedule of the Poisons (Psychotropic Substances) Regulations. Lisdexamfetamine is not listed there. Travelers are exempt from the authorization requirements of these regulations for up to a one-month supply based on a doctor’s prescription (Regulation 4(2)(a)). (Legal provision.)³⁵⁵ Lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate are listed in the Poisons List (Group B, all preparations). Amphetamine and dexamfetamine are additionally designated as “Dangerous Drugs” in that list. (Legal provision.)³⁵⁶ The forms in this regulation pertain to commercial imports and exports.

The Ministry of Health’s fact sheet cites the following legal bases for travelers: Section 25 of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, Section 8(2) of the Poisons Act 1952, Regulation 4(2)(a) of the Poisons (Psychotropic Substances) Regulations 1989, and Regulations 7(3) and 18A(1) of the Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulations 1984. An export permit from the country of departure is not required under Regulation 9 of the Psychotropic Substances Regulations. (Government information.)³⁵⁷

Contact: Pharmaceutical Services Program, email pelesenanbpf@moh.gov.my. (Regulatory information.)³⁵³

The only stimulant approved for use at the site was methylphenidate (immediate release, sustained release, and long-acting). (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

3.88. Maldives¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Practice to the Maldives Embassy in Germany, as of November 17, 2023, it is possible to bring controlled substances into the country using the “International” form. Prior to entry, a request for prior approval must be submitted via email to the Food and Drug Authority.

Methylphenidate was listed as a controlled substance (Schedule I, No. 89) under the Maldivian Narcotics Act until May 11, 2026. As of May 12, 2026, it has been removed from that list and is available as a medication for ADHD. (Official information.)³⁵⁸

According to the Maldives Food and Drug Authority’s directive dated July 23, 2026, travelers carrying Schedule II medications do not need prior authorization if: (Official information.)³⁵⁹

• a prescription or medical records for the treatment period are available, dated no more than 3 months ago
• the quantity does not exceed a one-month supply (for long-term therapy, with prescriptions for up to 3 months)
• an ID and medical records must be presented at check-in

Amphetamine (No. 2), dexamphetamine (No. 32), and methylphenidate (No. 69) are listed in Schedule 2 of the Drug Act 17/2011 (controlled substances). Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are not included on the Schedule 1 list of prohibited substances. Lisdexamfetamine is not mentioned in the law. (Legal provision.)³⁶⁰

The MFDA’s travel advisory dated October 1, 2026, confirms that no prior authorization is required for psychotropic substances and narcotics under the Drug Act 17/2011 or the INCB schedules. In addition to the conditions mentioned above, it requires: (Government information.)³⁶¹

• Medical records including a diagnosis, no more than 3 months old
• a certified English translation, if required
• Original packaging with label

Any remaining quantities must be taken with you when you leave the country. Contact: Medicine and Therapeutic Goods Division of the MFDA, email MTG@MFDA.GOV.MV. (Government information.)³⁶¹

3.89. Mali¶

Under the Drug Control Act (Law No. 01-078 of July 18, 2001), all substances classified internationally as narcotics or psychotropic substances are classified in one of the following schedules: Schedule I (high-risk, no medical benefit), II (high-risk, with medical use), or III (risky, with medical use). The schedules are established by decree (Art. 7). (Legal provision.)³⁶² Methylphenidate and amphetamine are thus controlled. It could not be determined whether they are listed in Schedule II or III, as the schedule decree could not be located. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Individuals undergoing treatment who are in transit through Mali are permitted to carry medications containing psychotropic substances for their own use (Art. 65, as of 2002): (Legal provision.)³⁶²

• Table II: for a maximum of 7 days of treatment
• Table III: for a maximum of 30 days of treatment
• with the appropriate doctor’s prescriptions

The law does not define whether “en transit” refers only to transit through the country or to any stay by travelers. There is no requirement for travelers to obtain prior authorization. It is recommended that travelers check with the embassy in advance.

3.90. Morocco¶

No classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found in the sources reviewed. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

For narcotics and psychotropic substances, the Moroccan Medicines Agency requires the following (as of August 10, 2026): (Official information.)³⁶³

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Moroccan health authority
• a written request from the patient
• Authorization from the Moroccan health authority for drugs not marketed in Morocco
• a transport permit, if applicable

No maximum quantity or time limit is specified. According to the Customs Administration’s guidelines, medications for personal use are duty-free and may be imported without prior approval from the Ministry of Health. Upon importation, in addition to a medical certificate and prescription, a declaration of commitment—available at customs offices—must be signed (for personal use only; any remaining quantities must be exported at the end of the stay). (Official information.)³⁶⁴ However, according to the most recent information provided by the Medicines Agency to the INCB, a Moroccan certificate is required for controlled substances. Narcotics are on the customs list of prohibited goods. (Official information.)³⁶⁴

Contact: Moroccan Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AMMPS), Controlled Substances Unit, Rabat, email stupefiant@ammps.gov.ma. (Regulatory information.)³⁶³

For controlled substances, the state required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴

3.91. Marshall Islands¶

The Narcotics Act (Prohibited Drugs (Prohibition and Control) Act of 1987) lists methamphetamine among the prohibited drugs, but not amphetamine, dexamfetamine, or methylphenidate (Section 902(1)(i), as amended by P.L. 2025-37). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. The prohibition does not apply to controlled substances obtained pursuant to a valid prescription from a “medical practitioner” or otherwise lawfully acquired (§ 904 (2) (a)). Only a person authorized to practice medicine in the Marshall Islands is considered a “medical practitioner” (Section 902(1)(g)). (Legal provision.)³⁶⁵ It is unclear whether a foreign prescription will be recognized.

Under the Customs Act, “controlled substances” include, among other things, substances listed in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances and all prescription drugs. Customs may detain such goods—which are intended to remain in the country—until it is determined that they may be lawfully released to a person authorized to possess them. Medications for immediate personal use are duty-free up to a value of $300. (Legal provision.)³⁶⁶

No specific rule for travelers was found in national sources. The U.S. Department of State recommends checking with the Ministry of Health and Human Services to determine whether the medication is legal in the Marshall Islands and carrying medications in their original packaging along with a prescription. (Travel Advisory.)³⁶⁷ It is recommended to check with the embassy or the Ministry of Health beforehand.

3.92. Mauritania¶

Under the Narcotics Act (Law No. 93-37), substances are classified into Schedules I through IV by decree of the Minister of Health. Tables I and II include “high-risk drugs,” and Table III includes “risk drugs” (Art. 2). (Legal provision.)³⁶⁸ The classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine could not be determined, as the decree establishing the schedules could not be located. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

No specific rule for travelers was found in national sources. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs recommends carrying medications in their original packaging along with a prescription (listing the active ingredient). (Travel Advisory.)³⁶⁹ The German Federal Foreign Office recommends carrying a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medication. (Travel advisory.)³⁷⁰

The use of “high-risk drugs” is prohibited, as is the use of “risky drugs” without a doctor’s prescription (Art. 38). The law does not provide for an exception for medically prescribed substances listed in Schedules I and II. Transporting and possessing “high-risk drugs” is punishable by 15 to 30 years’ imprisonment (Art. 5). (Legal provision.)³⁶⁸ Before traveling, you should therefore obtain written confirmation from the embassy or the Ministry of Health.

3.93. Mauritius¶

Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are listed in Part I of Schedule I of the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000, while levamphetamine is listed in Part II. Possession, use, importation, and transit of substances listed in the First Schedule are prohibited (Sec. 6); exceptions are made only for research and teaching (Sec. 7). Methylphenidate is listed in the Second Schedule and is available by prescription. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. Isomers, esters, ethers, and salts of listed substances are also considered “dangerous drugs” (Sec. 2). (Legal provision.)³⁷¹ * (Legal provision.)*³⁷² Whether lisdexamfetamine is treated the same as amphetamine is not specified.

Amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations may not be imported. For psychotropic substances and other dangerous drugs, authorization must be obtained from the Pharmaceutical Services of the Ministry of Health before departure. The application can be submitted via email through the Embassy at least two weeks before the trip, in English or French, to: (Embassy Information.)³⁷³

• Copy of the passport information page
• Copy of the current prescription
• a doctor’s note specifying the dosage and exact amount of each medication you are carrying
• Flight Information
• Accommodations in Mauritius

Upon entry, you must present a prescription indicating the medical purpose and the required quantity, as well as the original packaging. (Embassy information.)³⁷³ According to the customs administration, a maximum one-month supply is permitted for controlled medications, and a maximum three-month supply for other prescription medications. A legible prescription, the original container, and approval from the Government Pharmacist are required. (Government information.)³⁷⁴

Controlled substances must be declared to customs upon arrival. Anyone who carries them without authorization and fails to declare them may be subject to criminal prosecution (as of 2004). (Government information.)³⁷⁵

Contact: Chief Pharmacist, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Tel. +230 201 1334. (Government information.)³⁷⁴ The Permanent Mission in Geneva can be reached by email at consul@bluewin.ch.

3.94. Mexico¶

According to Article 234 of the Ley General de Salud, methylphenidate is classified as a narcotic (“estupefaciente”). (Legal provision.)³⁷⁶ Amphetamine and dexamfetamine are Group II psychotropic substances (therapeutic use, but a serious public health problem) under Article 245, Section II, including their salts, precursors, and chemical derivatives. (Legal provision.)³⁷⁷ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. It is approved as a medication in Mexico. (Government information.)³⁷⁸

Medications for personal use are considered part of duty-free luggage. For psychotropic substances, the corresponding doctor’s prescription must be presented (Reglas Generales de Comercio Exterior, Rule 3.2.3). (Official information.)³⁷⁹ According to the INCB country profile, a valid prescription and the presentation of the original prescription to customs are required. No maximum quantity is specified. If authorization from the health authority has been requested, the original must be presented along with the prescription. (Official information.)³⁸⁰

The COFEPRIS import authorization for personal use applies to imports declared to customs (e.g., via courier). For medications containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, the processing time is up to 14 business days, and the quantity must match the prescription. (Government information.)³⁸¹ Customs regulations do not require such authorization for personal luggage.

Contact: Federal Commission for Protection against Health Risks (COFEPRIS), email renava@cofepris.gob.mx (as of 2016). (Government information.)³⁸⁰

3.95. Micronesia¶

Amphetamine, including its salts and optical isomers (thereby also including dexamphetamine), as well as methylphenidate, are listed in Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act (FSM Code Title 11, Chapter 11, § 1121). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Possession is permitted if the substance was obtained pursuant to a valid prescription from a “practitioner” (§ 1142 (1)). According to the text of the law, a “practitioner” is defined as only those who are licensed or registered in Micronesia (§ 1112 (22) (a)). Unauthorized possession is punishable by up to one year in prison and/or a fine of $1,000. (Legal provision.)³⁸²

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 30 days. The following are required (as of July 25, 2014): (Information from the authorities.)³⁸³

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate, certified by the health authority of the country of residence

A permit from the Micronesian authorities and the submission of the original prescription to customs are not required. No list of prohibited substances is provided.

The FSM Department of Health and Social Affairs, Palikir, Pohnpei, is responsible for this. (Government information.)³⁸³

3.96. Moldova¶

According to the government bill accompanying Government Resolution HG 479/2026 (adopted on August 26, 2026), amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in National Schedule II, List 2 (psychotropic substances, suitable for medical use, subject to strict control). Lisdexamfetamine is listed in National Schedule II, List 3 (substances subject to national control). None of these active ingredients are listed in National Schedule I (prohibited substances). (Legal provisions.)³⁸⁴

The import and export of medicines containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances by private individuals is generally prohibited. Notwithstanding this, travelers may carry in their personal luggage a quantity sufficient for up to 30 days of treatment, either for themselves or for another person, provided they present proof of a medical prescription issued in the patient’s name (Art. 37 of Law No. 201/2025, as of February 27, 2026). (Legal provision.)³⁸⁵ According to the customs service, the supporting documents must be presented to customs. (Official information.)³⁸⁶ Prior authorization is not required by law.

The older INCB country profile required a certificate authenticated by the country of residence and a certificate from the Moldovan health authority (as of June 12, 2014). (Government information.)³⁸⁷ This information has been superseded by the 2025 law.

The Customs Service (Serviciul Vamal) and the Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (Agen?ia Medicamentului?i Dispozitivelor Medicale) are responsible for this.

3.97. Monaco¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Monaco in Germany, as of September 5, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using either the “International” form or the “Schengen” form.
Monaco is located within the French customs territory and is therefore subject to Article 75 of the Schengen Agreement.
The patient may not carry more medication than is needed for 28 days of treatment, which corresponds to the maximum treatment duration that can be prescribed on the prescription for this medication.

According to the French Medicines Agency, the 28-day limit applies to transport certificates issued by France to travelers leaving the country (maximum permitted prescription duration). The French health authorities do not require travelers entering France to present a certificate for the personal transport of controlled substances; however, the original prescription must be carried. Monaco is not mentioned on the page. (Official information.)⁴⁸ No separate form is required for the transport of controlled substances between France and Monaco. (Official information.)⁹⁵

Note from ADxS.org: The BtMVV no longer specifies maximum quantities or maximum duration of supply for prescriptions to patients. (Legal provision.)⁸² The Schengen form nevertheless limits the validity and duration of the prescription to a maximum of 30 days. (Official form.)²⁵ Whether it is permitted to carry more than 28 days’ worth of medication into Monaco should be clarified with the embassy well in advance.

3.98. Mongolia¶

The Act on the Control of Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances covers all substances listed in the 1961 and 1971 Conventions (Art. 3.1.1), including methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine. Only organizations with a special license are permitted to import or export these substances (Art. 6.1). Private individuals are prohibited from bringing narcotics or psychotropic substances across the national border (Art. 13.1.5, as of June 5, 2024). (Legal provision.)³⁸⁸ According to a 2025 draft by the Ministry of Health for the list of psychotropic drugs approved for medical use, methylphenidate is included, whereas amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not. (Legal provision.)³⁸⁹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Travelers may import personal medications for emergencies (up to 7 days’ supply) and long-term medication for chronic conditions (including, specifically, mental health conditions). However, narcotics and psychotropic drugs may not be imported for personal use (Section 1.3.3, as of September 17, 2026). (Official information.)³⁹⁰ This means that carrying methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine preparations is prohibited. There is no documented exception to this rule.

According to the Customs Regulation, the quantity of personal medications is determined based on a certificate issued by a medical facility. Narcotics and psychotropic substances must be declared in writing to customs (Nos. 3.2, 5.5.9). (Legal provision.)³⁹¹

Before traveling, you should obtain written information from the Mongolian Embassy.

3.99. Montenegro¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Montenegro in Germany, as of August 24, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.
The importation into Montenegro of medicinal products containing controlled substances (drugs) is governed by Article 43 of the Law on the Prevention of Drug Abuse. (Legal provision.)³⁹²
A person who crosses the national border,

• A medication containing drugs may be used in the amount necessary for personal treatment
• hold for a period of up to 30 days
• based on the certificate or report from the chosen physician or a physician specializing in mental health
• and must carry a certificate stating the necessity of the medication, which must not be more than 90 days old

Art. 43 remains unchanged even in the version dated August 7, 2026. In addition, Art. 42a permits the possession of a drug-containing medication for personal treatment in the quantity prescribed by a physician. The dispensing of drug-containing medications to persons under the age of 18 is prohibited in Montenegro (Art. 45, para. 2). This applies to dispensing within the country, not to importation. (Legal provision.)³⁹³

A new list of narcotics and psychotropic substances has been in effect since January 2, 2026. (Legal provision.)³⁹⁴ We were unable to verify with certainty the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine on this list.

3.100. Mozambique¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table II-B of the Narcotics Act (Law No. 3/97). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list.

When crossing the border, travelers may carry substances listed in Tables I-A, II-B, II-C, III, and IV for personal use (Art. 16, as of 1997): (Legal provision.)³⁹⁵

• no more than the amount needed for 30 days of treatment
• accompanied by a medical document justifying the need to take the medication

The Central Office for Drug Prevention and Control (Gabinete Central de Prevenção e Combate à Droga) may require a doctor’s note. This inspection does not result in immediate seizure. (Legal provision.)³⁹⁵ No prior authorization is required.

The forms issued by the ANARME drug regulatory agency for imports of narcotics and psychotropic substances (effective December 2, 2024) apply to importers, not travelers. Contact: ANARME, Divisão de Inspecção e Licenciamento de Entidades, email dvil.anarme@anarme.gov.mz. (Government information.)³⁹⁶

3.101. Myanmar¶

On February 25, 2025, the Ministry of Health issued a new list of psychotropic substances, which replaces Notifications 2/2002, 1/2004, and 1/2005. (Legal provision.)³⁹⁷ This list includes amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate in the order of priority specified in Table II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. (Legal provision.)³⁹⁸ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 14 days. The required documents are not specified in the INCB Country Profile. Ketamine, tramadol, and kratom are prohibited (as of March 26, 2024). (Official information.)³⁹⁹ Under the Narcotics Act, the use, possession, and transport of such substances are exempt only if the Ministry of Health has authorized them under the supervision of a registered physician (Sec. 28 (c)). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁰ There are no regulations specifying whether travelers must apply for such permission in advance. It is recommended to check with the embassy or the relevant authority beforehand.

Contact: Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC), Office of Drug Enforcement Division, email ded.ir.ccdac@gmail.com. (Government information.)³⁹⁹

3.102. Namibia¶

Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule 4. Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Schedule 5 (the highest control level). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰¹

Anyone entering or leaving Namibia may possess Schedule 4 substances and certain Schedule 3 substances for personal medical use in a reasonable quantity sufficient for no more than one month, provided they have one of the following documents (Reg. 38, as of March 31, 2023): (Legal provision.)⁴⁰²

• a prescription signed by a doctor
• a certificate from a pharmacist stating that the substance was prescribed to the person by a doctor

This exception applies to methylphenidate. There is no traveler’s exemption for Schedule 5 substances. The acquisition, possession, and use of a Schedule 5 substance are permitted only with a permit from the Namibia Medicines Regulatory Council, which is valid for a maximum of 12 months (Sec. 29 (27) and (28)). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰³ There does not appear to be an application process for travelers. Therefore, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine preparations may not be carried without a permit.

The older INCB country profile specifies 30 days each for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and requires a valid prescription and a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence (as of July 3, 2014). (Government information.)⁴⁰⁴

Contact: Namibia Medicines Regulatory Council (NMRC), P.O. Box 13366, Windhoek, email regmeds@nmrc.com.na (as of 2014). (Regulatory information.)⁴⁰⁴

3.103. Nauru¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed as “illicit drugs” in Schedule 1 of the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 (excerpt from Table II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

International travelers may possess such a substance upon entry, exit, or transit if it (see 13, as of Dec. 23, 2024): (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁵

• was lawfully prescribed by a healthcare professional
• is intended to treat a medical condition
• sufficient for up to one month of treatment

Possession must be reported to a customs officer upon arrival. Anyone who fails to do so is punishable by up to 5 years in prison or a fine of up to $50,000 (at least $20,000) (see § 13 (2) through (4)). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁵ No prior authorization is required.

Under the Pharmacy Act of 2025, medicinal products from foreign manufacturers may only be imported if they are manufactured in and authorized for marketing in one of the countries listed in Schedule 3. Germany is not on this list (see Section 39(1)). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁶ It is unclear whether this also applies to luggage.

3.104. Nepal¶

Nepal prohibits the manufacture, sale, distribution, storage, and transport, as well as the import and export, of various medications. These include (Government information.)⁴⁰⁷

• Amphetamine and its combinations
• Vitamins in certain combinations or in amounts below the therapeutic dose

Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are not included on this list of prohibited substances. The list does not contain any rules for travelers. We were unable to verify whether methylphenidate is included on Nepal’s list of controlled substances or what requirements apply to travelers.

The Nepalese Narcotics Act does not contain a fixed list of substances. The government designates psychotropic substances by publication in the Nepal Gazette. Patients may purchase and use narcotics for treatment, in the recommended quantity, at licensed stores upon the recommendation of a licensed physician (Section 5). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁸ No specific rules for travelers were found in national sources. It is advisable to contact the Nepalese Embassy or the Department of Drug Administration before traveling.

Download: List of Medications Banned in Nepal.

3.105. New Zealand¶

Amphetamine (including its isomers, and thus also dexamphetamine), methylphenidate, and lisdexamfetamine are Class B controlled drugs (Schedule 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975). Lisdexamfetamine was added on December 15, 2022. (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁹

Travelers may possess a controlled substance upon entry or exit that is necessary for the treatment of their medical condition, provided that the quantity does not exceed a one-month supply and the substance was lawfully dispensed abroad for medical treatment (see 8 (1)(l), as of July 10, 2026). (Legal provision.)⁴⁰⁹ The following are required: (Official information.)⁴¹⁰ * (Official information.)*⁴¹¹

• A copy of the prescription or doctor’s note confirming treatment with the controlled substance, including its name and strength
• Original packaging with labeling
• List of controlled substances on the New Zealand Traveler Declaration

Prior authorization is not required. There is no procedure for travelers bringing in more than a one-month supply. Medications containing controlled substances may not be imported by mail or shipment for personal use. (Government information.)⁴¹²

Contact: Medicines Control, Ministry of Health, email medicinescontrol@health.govt.nz. (Government information.)⁴¹³

3.106. Nicaragua¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are included in the list of psychotropic substances (Ministerial Agreement No. 13-98). (Legal provision.)⁴¹⁴ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

Travelers carrying medications that contain internationally controlled substances are required (as of November 21, 2016) to: (Information from the authorities.)⁴¹⁵

• A valid prescription from the treating physician in the country of origin (no more than one month old)
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence (no more than one year old)
• Certificate issued by the Nicaraguan health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

The amount depends on the medical condition and the prescribed dose. Psychotropic substances must be prescribed by licensed physicians for personal use.

Pursuant to Ministry of Health Decree No. 288-2013, the clearance procedure for prescription drugs also applies to medications brought from abroad and to foreigners on short-term stays or in transit. The quantity must not exceed a three-month supply. A written application (original and copy) must be submitted to the Dirección de Farmacia of the Ministry of Health (MINSA), including: (Legal provision.)⁴¹⁶

• Copy of ID
• Discharge summary from a doctor in the patient’s country of origin (no more than one year old)
• Prescription (no more than one month old) including the location, date, name, and identification number of the physician; active ingredient; brand name; strength; dosage form; dose; duration of treatment; quantity; and patient’s name
• Original purchase invoice from the country of origin
• Fee receipt

After the inspection, the ministry issues a letter authorizing customs clearance. It is recommended to consult with MINSA in advance of the trip.

Contact: Ministry of Health (MINSA), Managua, email soniacg@minsa.gob.ni (as of 2016). (Government information.)⁴¹⁵

3.107. Niger¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table II, Group A (high-risk, with medical benefit) of Ordinance No. 99-42. Medications in this group may be prescribed domestically for a maximum of 7 days. (Legal provision.)⁴¹⁷ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

Persons undergoing treatment who are in transit through the country’s territory may possess medications containing psychotropic substances listed in Schedules II and III for their own use, provided they carry the corresponding medical prescriptions (Art. 64, as of 1999). (Legal provision.)⁴¹⁷ The published text specifies a maximum quantity of 7 days’ treatment only for Schedule III. The limit for Schedule II (methylphenidate, amphetamine) is missing from the text. In case of doubt, no more than 7 days’ supply should be carried. It is not defined whether “en transit” refers only to transit through a country or includes any stay. No prior authorization is required. It is recommended to check with the embassy in advance.

The Autorité Nationale de Régulation Pharmaceutique (ANRP) is responsible for this.

3.108. Nigeria¶

In Nigeria, methylphenidate is a controlled psychotropic substance included on the list of essential medicines. Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not listed there. (Government information.)¹³ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named on the national list.

Controlled medicines may only be imported or used if they are registered in Nigeria (Reg. 2, Controlled Medicines Regulations 2021). Violations are punishable by up to one year in prison or a fine of up to 800,000 naira (Reg. 14). (Legal provision.)⁴¹⁸ Only the holder of a registration certificate may apply for import permits (as of March 23, 2026). (Government information.)⁴¹⁹

No specific rule for travelers was found in national sources. According to the text of the regulation, there is a significant risk associated with substances not registered in Nigeria (particularly amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine). The Federal Foreign Office recommends carrying a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medication. (Travel Advisory.)⁴²⁰ It is advisable to check with the embassy or the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in advance.

Following an analysis of the INCB’s List of Psychotropic Substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ The national list of essential medicines, however, lists methylphenidate as a controlled psychotropic substance. (Official information.)¹³

3.109. North Korea¶

No classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found; national sources are not accessible. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. North Korea has not submitted any regulations for travelers to the INCB.

No specific rule for travelers was found in national sources. According to the U.S. Department of State’s travel advisory, North Korean customs officials allow most prescription medications to be imported without restrictions. It is recommended to carry them in their original packaging along with a doctor’s prescription. (Travel Advisory.)⁴²¹ It is unclear whether this applies to stimulants. According to the German Foreign Office, drug possession is strictly punished, and penalties for foreigners can be draconian even for minor offenses. (Travel Advisory.)⁴²² Before traveling, you should obtain written information from the DPRK Embassy in Berlin.

3.110. North Macedonia¶

Levamphetamine is classified in the second category of psychotropic substances on the national classification list (Official Gazette No. 104/2021). (Legal provision.)⁴²³ The entries for methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine were not clearly legible in the scan. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Foreign travelers may import medications for personal use if they have a certificate from a healthcare facility in their home country confirming that they need the medications they are carrying in that quantity for their personal treatment. For medications containing narcotics or psychotropic substances, they also need a confirmation from the Medicines Agency at the Ministry of Health (as of 02/2016). (Official information.)⁴²⁴ The application process and deadline are not specified. No maximum quantity is stated. North Macedonia has not submitted any regulations for travelers to the INCB.

The Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (Агенција за лекови и медицински средства, MALMED) is responsible for this.

3.111. Oman¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in Group 2 (psychotropic substances), Table 2 (stimulants) of the Law on the Control of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Royal Decree 17/99). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Patients may possess narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the quantities prescribed by licensed physicians (Art. 30). Import and export based on a single medical prescription are exempt from criminal penalties; however, according to the text of the law, the substances are seized and handed over to the Ministry (Art. 65). (Legal provision.)⁴²⁵

According to the Ministry of Health, only a one-month supply of narcotics and psychotropic substances is permitted; for non-residents, the limit is one month or the duration of their stay, whichever is shorter. Excess quantities are destroyed under the supervision of the Drug Control Department. The following are required (as of September 22, 2023): (Official information.)⁴²⁶

• A detailed, certified medical report from the treating facility or a prescription from an authorized facility (neither more than 6 months old) that includes the patient’s information, diagnosis, medication details, the doctor’s signature and stamp, and the facility’s stamp
• Copy of ID card or passport
• Location and phone number
• If a third party is accompanying the patient, a copy of the third party’s ID and the patient’s written consent

Without the proper documentation, the medications may be confiscated and destroyed. A certificate from the Omani authorities is not required. (Government information.)⁴²⁷

Contact: Drug Control Department, Directorate General of Pharmaceutical Affairs & Drug Control, Ministry of Health, email mohd.hamdan@moh.gov.om (as of 2016). (Government information.)⁴²⁷

3.112. East Timor¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Table II-B (amphetamine-type substances with stimulant effects) of the Anti-Drug Law (Law No. 2/2017). (Legal provision.)⁴²⁸ Under pharmaceutical law, they are subject to special controls as psychotropic substances and may only be prescribed by physicians. (Legal provision.)⁴²⁹ Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

Travelers may carry narcotics and psychotropic substances for a maximum of 30 days. The following are required (as of August 12, 2014): (Information from the authorities.)⁴³⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate from the East Timor Health Authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

The procedure and deadline for certification are not specified.

Contact: Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Caicoli, Dili, email antoniosames@gmail.com (as of 2014). (Government information.)⁴³⁰

3.113. Pakistan¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in the Schedule of Psychotropic Substances under the Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997 and in Schedule II (“high-risk drugs of abuse”) of the Control of Narcotic Substances Rules 2001, but not in Schedule I (prohibited substances). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Import and export are permitted only to licensed operators with authorization. (Legal provision.)⁴³¹ Pakistan has not submitted any regulations for travelers to the INCB.

No specific rules for travelers were found in national sources. According to the U.S. Department of State, the possession, use, and trafficking of illegal drugs are punishable by long prison terms, heavy fines, and even the death penalty. (Travel Advisory.)⁴³² Before traveling, you should obtain written confirmation from the Pakistani Embassy or the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP).

Contact: Anti-Narcotics Force, email anf@anf.gov.pk. (Government information.)⁴³³

3.114. Palestine¶

Under Decree-Law No. 18/2015 on the Control of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, psychotropic substances are defined as all substances included in the international schedules adopted by the Ministry of Health. This includes methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. The import and export of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are prohibited, except in the cases provided for by law (Art. 2). (Legal provision.)⁴³⁴ The law does not provide for any exceptions for travelers or patients.

No regulations regarding travelers were found in national sources. Palestine has not submitted any regulations regarding travelers to the INCB. It is recommended to inquire in advance with the Palestinian mission or the Palestinian Ministry of Health.

3.115. Palau¶

Amphetamine, including its salts and optical isomers (thereby also including dexamfetamine), as well as methylphenidate, are listed in Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act (34 PNC § 3106). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. Possession is permitted only if the substance was obtained pursuant to a valid prescription from a “practitioner” (§ 3302(a)). According to the text of the law, a “practitioner” is defined as only those who are licensed in Palau (§ 3002(22)). Unauthorized possession of a controlled substance (other than marijuana) is punishable by 10 to 25 years’ imprisonment and/or a fine of at least $5,000. The mere detection of the substance in the blood or urine is considered possession (as of October 1, 2026). (Legal provision.)⁴³⁵

According to information provided by the Ministry of Health to the INCB, travelers may carry substances listed in Schedules II through V for personal use if (as of September 12, 2013): (Official information.)⁴³⁶

• the substance is not listed in Schedule I
• it was obtained lawfully
• it is in its original or prescription packaging, bearing the traveler’s name, the trade or chemical name, and the Schedule symbol

The maximum duration is 30 days. A valid prescription and a medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence are required. (Government information.)⁴³⁷ Due to the severe penalties, written confirmation from the Ministry of Health should be obtained in advance.

Contact: Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 6027, Koror, email mohrop@palau-health.net (as of 2013). (Government information.)⁴³⁷

3.116. Panama¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are controlled substances in Panama, as Law 14/2016 covers all substances listed in the 1961 and 1971 Conventions. (Legal provision.)⁴³⁸ Only the substances listed in Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention are prohibited (which does not include ADHD medications). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Government information.)⁴³⁹

According to Resolution 3143 of the Ministry of Health (as of October 16, 2017), the following applies to travelers: (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁰

• Without a copy of the prescription: no more than one package (usually 30 doses or fewer)
• with a simple, uncertified copy of the prescription: up to 30 doses or up to a specified total amount of active ingredient; for methylphenidate, 600 mg (amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not listed here)
• for larger quantities, up to a maximum of 3 months’ supply

For larger quantities, the following must be presented upon request by customs or the police: (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁰

• a simple copy of a valid ID card or passport
• A simple copy of the prescription with a confirmation or stamp from the dispensing pharmacy
• Case summary or discharge summary from the prescribing physician, no more than 3 months old

There is no requirement for prior authorization. The INCB Country Profile also specifies, depending on the quantity, a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence. The resolution itself requires only the medical report. (Government information.)⁴³⁹

Contact: Department of Controlled Substances, Ministry of Health (MINSA), email sustanciacontrolada@minsa.gob.pa. (Government information.)⁴⁴¹

3.117. Papua New Guinea¶

Amphetamine is listed in Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act of 2021. Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are also listed in Schedule V, Part B (psychotropic substances, with a threshold quantity of 2.0 g each). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁴²

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in national sources. Possession of a substance listed in Schedules II through IV is not punishable if it is used as part of a prescribed medication (see § 70 (1)). The law does not specify whether foreign prescriptions are covered. (Legal provision.)⁴⁴² Customs recommends declaring all prescription medications you are carrying, even if you believe them to be legal. (Government information.)⁴⁴³

Before traveling, you should check with the embassy or the Department of Health (Pharmaceutical Services Standards Branch). Customs contact: PNG Customs Service, email info@customs.gov.pg. (Government information.)⁴⁴³

3.118. Paraguay¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁴

No rule regarding travelers was found in national sources. According to DINAVISA Resolution 290/2023, the exemption from prior authorization for medications intended for personal use (Law 1119/97) does not apply to substances covered by the Narcotics Act 1340/1988 (Art. 7). (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁵ Possession of substances prescribed by a physician is not punishable. If the quantity exceeds the prescribed amount, the penalty is two to four years’ imprisonment and forfeiture (Art. 30 of Law 1340/1988). (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁶

Before traveling, you should contact DINAVISA (Dirección de Estupefacientes, Psicotrópicos, Precursores y Productos Químicos, Iturbe 883 c/ Manuel Domínguez, Asunción, Tel. +595 21 453 666). (Government information.)⁴⁴⁷

3.119. Peru¶

Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are psychotropic substances listed in Schedule III A. Racemic amphetamine is not listed in any schedule. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. Only the substances listed in Schedules I A and I B are prohibited (which do not include ADHD medications). (Legal provision.)⁴⁴⁸

For psychotropic substances, the quantity specified in the doctor’s prescription applies. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)⁴⁴⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

A certificate from Peru is not required. The 5-day limit applies only to narcotics carried by terminally ill travelers. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁰ Medications for personal use are considered duty-free luggage at customs. (Official information.)⁴⁵¹

Contact: DIGEMID (General Directorate of Medicines, Medical Supplies, and Drugs), email rpahuara@minsa.gob.pe. (Government information.)⁴⁴⁹

3.120. Philippines¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Philippine Embassy in Germany, as of November 30, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is responsible for this matter. Its guidelines cover all substances listed in the schedules of the 1961 and 1971 UN Conventions, including methylphenidate and amphetamine. For a supply of up to 30 days, the following are required: (official information.)⁴⁵²

• a valid prescription that includes the brand name, generic name, strength, and dosage instructions
• a letter from the attending physician regarding the patient’s health status
• Original packaging or properly labeled packaging
• Presentation of the original documents to customs upon arrival

For quantities exceeding 30 days’ supply or the INCB threshold (2 g of methylphenidate base), a certificate from the home country’s authority and written authorization from the PDEA are also required. The application must be submitted 30 business days prior to arrival. Contact: PDEA Compliance Service, cs@pdea.gov.ph. (Government information.)⁴⁵²

These documents should be in English or translated into English.

3.121. Republic of the Congo¶

The Narcotics Act (Law No. 30-2025) does not contain its own lists of substances. Its Schedules I through IV correspond to the lists in the UN Conventions; substances listed in Schedules I and II are considered “high-risk drugs.” Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are not specifically named. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵³

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. According to the law (as of August 22, 2025), the following applies: (Legal provision.)⁴⁵³

• Every import or export requires a separate permit from the Minister of Trade, following consultation with the Minister of Health (Art. 11); no exception is provided for travelers
• Shipments without an import permit will be detained (Art. 18)
• The transit of shipments containing substances listed in Tables II and III is prohibited without a copy of the export permit (Art. 20)

Violations of the import regulations for “high-risk drugs” are punishable by 5 to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine of 5 to 50 million CFA francs (or either of these penalties) (Art. 38).

Before traveling, you should check with the Ministry of Health and Population (Ministère de la Santé et de la Population) or the embassy.

3.122. Rwanda¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Annex II (Schedule II, “severe narcotic drugs”) of the 2019 Ministerial Order. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically mentioned in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁴

Controlled substances may only be imported in personal luggage upon arrival, for a maximum of 30 days (based on the maximum recommended dose). Personal imports are permitted no more than four times per year. Online purchases and courier shipments are prohibited. The following are required: (Government information.)⁴⁵⁵

• A prescription or letter from a physician licensed in the country of origin
• Original packaging with intact pharmacy labels
• Form FDISM/FDIEC/FOM/002 (available at points of entry)
• Copy of passport
• Invoice from an authorized dispensing location

No prior authorization is required. All medications declared as personal use are inspected by a Rwanda FDA inspector at the point of entry. Non-compliant goods will not be released (they must be re-exported or destroyed at the owner’s expense). (Government information.)⁴⁵⁵

The Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Import and Export Control Division) is responsible for this.

3.123. Russia¶

Methylphenidate and amphetamine (including its derivatives, isomers, and thus dexamphetamine) are listed in List I of Government Regulation No. 681 (as amended on June 11, 2025). The circulation of these substances is prohibited in Russia. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁶

Substances on List I are prohibited from being imported by travelers. It is prohibited to carry methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine preparations. For permitted substances listed in Schedules II and III, Russia requires, among other things, an export certificate from the country of residence, a Russian import certificate, and certified Russian translations. (Official information.)⁴⁵⁷ The transit of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances through Russia is prohibited (Art. 28 of Federal Law No. 3-FZ). (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁸

Contact: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, email info@minzdrav.gov.ru. (Government information.)⁴⁵⁷

3.124. Solomon Islands¶

Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are not specifically named in the laws cited. Amphetamines are listed in Part I of the Poisons List (Schedule B) of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act and may only be dispensed by pharmacists with a prescription. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁹

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. Poisons may be imported only with a license from the Pharmacy Board; the only exceptions are physicians, pharmacists, veterinarians, and dentists for the purpose of treatment (see § 52 (1)). (Legal provision.)⁴⁵⁹ Under the Dangerous Drugs Act, possession of a substance listed in Part III is not a criminal offense if it was obtained pursuant to a prescription from a registered physician (see § 20). (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁰

Before traveling, you should check with the Ministry of Health and Medical Services (Pharmacy Board) or the embassy.

3.125. Zambia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in the Third Schedule (psychotropic substances) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 2021. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁶¹

Travelers may carry a medication in the quantity reasonably necessary for their own use if it was lawfully dispensed to them by a physician based abroad or pursuant to that physician’s prescription. Possession must be reported to an official as soon as possible upon arrival; a medical examination may be required (Sec. 47). (Legal provision.)⁴⁶¹ An import permit is not required. However, travelers must present the inspector at the point of entry with written confirmation from the drug regulatory authority of the prescribing country stating that the medication was prescribed to them (Reg. 13, as of 2017). (Legal provision.)⁴⁶²

According to its wording, Section 47 excludes only Part IV of the Act. The prohibition on importation without “lawful authority” (Section 16, punishable by up to 20 years’ imprisonment) is not expressly covered by this provision.

Contact: Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA), email pharmacy@zamra.co.zm. (Regulatory information.)⁴⁶³

3.126. Samoa¶

Methylphenidate is a Class B narcotic (Second Schedule), and amphetamine is a Class A narcotic (First Schedule, including its isomers and thus dexamphetamine) under the Narcotics Act 1967. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁴

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. Under the law (as of 2020), any import or export of these substances is permitted only with a license from the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Health (see Section 10(2)). No exception is provided for travelers. Unauthorized importation of Class A substances is punishable by up to life imprisonment, and that of Class B substances by up to 14 years’ imprisonment (see Section 17). (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁴

Before traveling, you should check with the Ministry of Health (Chief Executive Officer) or the embassy.

3.127. San Marino¶

Amphetamine, dexamphetamine, levamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Table I, while methylphenidate is listed in Table IV (substances with a lower risk of dependence) of Delegated Decree 136/2026 dated September 10, 2026. In the list of medicinal products, dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and methylphenidate are listed in Section A. (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁵

No regulations regarding travelers were found in national sources. The Authority Sanitaria is responsible for narcotic and psychotropic drugs and also serves as the point of contact for the INCB. (Government information.)⁴⁶⁶ Travelers should check with this agency or the embassy before traveling.

3.128. São Tomé and Príncipe¶

Methylphenidate (oral solid dosage form, 10 mg and 20 mg) is included on the list of controlled drugs whose import requires prior authorization from the Departamento Farmacêutico of the Ministry of Health (as of April 3, 2024). Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are not included on this list. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named on the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁷

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. The Ministry of Health’s import regulations apply only to authorized importers, pharmacies, and healthcare facilities. (Official information.)⁴⁶⁸ Whether the prior authorization requirement for methylphenidate also applies to medications carried in luggage is not specified. It is recommended to check with the Departamento Farmacêutico or the embassy before traveling.

Contact: Department of Pharmacy, email dfarmacia.stp@gmail.com. (Legal provisions.)⁴⁶⁷

3.129. Saudi Arabia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II, Category B (corresponding to List II of the 1971 Convention). Lisdexamfetamine is listed in Schedule II, Category E (nationally controlled psychotropic substances). None of these substances is prohibited. (Legal provision.)⁴⁶⁹

The maximum amount permitted is the quantity specified in the prescription or medical report for 30 days following administration. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)⁴⁷⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• A detailed medical report approved by the treating facility, no more than 6 months old

Travelers are advised to apply for advance authorization through the SFDA’s Controlled Drugs System (https://cds.sfda.gov.sa) before arrival. Medications containing narcotics or psychotropic substances must be declared upon entry. (Government information.)⁴⁷⁰ The application must include patient and flight information, as well as the brand name, active ingredient, strength, and quantity. (Government information.)⁴⁷¹ For pilgrims, the limit is either a 30-day supply or the duration of stay (whichever is shorter). (Official information.)⁴⁷²

Contact: Controlled Product Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), email Narcotic.Drug@sfda.gov.sa. (Regulatory information.)⁴⁷⁰

Methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed stimulant in Saudi Arabia. Amphetamine-based medications (lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine) were barely prescribed due to regulatory restrictions, their exclusion from drug formularies, and unreliable supply. Lisdexamfetamine has since been approved by the SFDA and was added to the Council of Health Insurance’s drug formulary in 2024, but its availability remained limited. (Narrative review, k = 13, E 4.)²¹ It is therefore barely possible to substitute amphetamine medications locally. (ADxS assessment)

3.130. Senegal¶

The Code des drogues classifies internationally controlled substances into national schedules (Schedule II: substances with medical uses; Schedule III: high-risk substances with medical uses). (Legal provision.)¹⁴ Decree 97-1220 incorporates Tables I through IV of the international conventions. The corresponding list in the appendix has not been published. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁷³

Individuals undergoing treatment who are transiting through the country may possess medications containing substances listed in Schedule II for up to 7 days of treatment and those listed in Schedule III for up to 30 days of treatment, in each case accompanied by the corresponding medical prescriptions (Art. 64, as of 1997). (Legal provision.)¹⁴ Without the annex, it is impossible to determine whether methylphenidate and amphetamine are listed in Schedule II or III. Until this is clarified, the 7-day limit should be assumed.

According to the letter from the Minister of Health to the INCB (March 30, 2005), prescriptions are checked for travelers entering and leaving the country. (Official information.)⁴⁷⁴ Medications for personal use are exempt from the Ministry of Health’s visa requirement. (Official information.)⁴⁷⁵

Before traveling, you should check with the Agence Sénégalaise de Réglementation Pharmaceutique (ARP) or the embassy.

Following an analysis of the INCB’s list of psychotropic substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ The Code des drogues, however, permits individuals undergoing treatment who are in transit to possess the substance for a maximum of 7 or 30 treatment days with a doctor’s prescription (Art. 64). (Legal provision.)¹⁴ According to a letter from the Minister of Health to the INCB (2005), prescriptions are checked for travelers entering and leaving the country. (Official information.)⁴⁷⁴

3.131. Serbia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in Schedule 5 (psychotropic substances for limited therapeutic and scientific purposes) of the List of Substances (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia 12/2026). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁷⁶

Travelers may carry the amount required for their personal treatment, up to a maximum of one month’s supply (“mese?ne potrebe u toku kalendarske godine”). No documentation is required for an original manufacturer’s package containing no more than 30 individual doses. For larger quantities, the required documentation must be carried and presented to customs upon request (Art. 52 of the Law on Controlled Psychoactive Substances, as published in Sl. glasnik RS 57/2018). Conditions and required documents are regulated by a ministerial decree. (Legal provision.)⁴⁷⁷ The law does not provide for prior authorization.

3.132. Seychelles¶

Under the former Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 133, as of Dec. 31, 2015), methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine were Class B drugs. (Legal provision.)⁴⁷⁸ It is not clear whether the current Misuse of Drugs Act 2016 has retained this classification. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

The permitted quantity is a 90-day supply for psychotropic substances and a 30-day supply for narcotics. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)⁴⁷⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Seychelles Health Authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

According to the INCB Country Profile, flunitrazepam is prohibited. According to the Ministry of Trade’s import guidelines, an import certificate from the Medicines Regulatory Unit (Ministry of Health) must be obtained for controlled medications. Stimulants are not included in the non-exhaustive list provided there. (Government information.)⁴⁸⁰

Contact: Medicines Regulatory Unit, Ministry of Health, Victoria (Mahé), and Import and Export Permit Unit, email iepermit.info@finance.gov.sc. (Government information.)⁴⁸⁰

3.133. Sierra Leone¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in the Second Schedule (“High-Risk Drugs”) of the National Drugs Control Act of 2008. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁴⁸¹

No provision specifically addressing travelers was found in national sources. Anyone who possesses a drug without lawful authorization is punishable by a prison term of at least 5 years (Sec. 8). The law does not provide for an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)⁴⁸¹ Under the Pharmacy and Drugs Act 2001, only pharmacists and holders of an import license may import Class A and Class B drugs (including methylphenidate and dexamfetamine) (Sec. 45). (Legal provision.)⁴⁸²

Before traveling, you should check with the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone (email info@pharmacyboard.gov.sl or registrar@pharmacyboard.gov.sl) or the embassy. (Government information.)⁴⁸³

3.134. Zimbabwe¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are not listed in the Dangerous Drugs Regulations 1975. (Legal provision.)⁴⁸⁴ The national classification of stimulants is unclear. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list.

For psychotropic substances, a supply for 6 months is permitted; for narcotics, a supply for 4 months is permitted. The following are required: (Information from the authorities.)⁴⁸⁵

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the Zimbabwean health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

National import regulations exclude from their scope medicinal products that a person imports for personal use. (Legal provision.)⁴⁸⁶

Before traveling, you should check with the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ).

3.135. Singapore¶

Amphetamine (including its stereoisomers, and thus dexamphetamine) and lisdexamfetamine are Class A drugs; methylphenidate is a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973. (Legal provision.)⁴⁸⁷

Personal medications containing controlled substances require authorization from the Health Sciences Authority (HSA). The application must be submitted online—in English only—at least 2 weeks before arrival. The authorization is valid only for the specified arrival date. (Official information.)⁴⁸⁸ The quantity permitted is that specified on the prescription for the duration of the trip, up to a maximum of 3 months. The following are required: (Official information.)⁴⁸⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• Doctor’s Note
• Pharmacy dispensing label on the container
• Travel Itinerary
• Approval by the HSA

Approved medications do not need to be declared to customs. No authorization is required in the transit area if you are not entering the country. (Government information.)⁴⁸⁸

Contact: Health Sciences Authority, email ptm_enquiry@hsa.gov.sg. (Government information.)⁴⁸⁹

The only stimulant approved for use at the site was methylphenidate (immediate release and sustained release). (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

3.136. Somalia¶

No classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine was found. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. According to the Ministry of Health, Somalia has signed the international conventions, but there are no legal provisions in place to control these substances. (Information from the authorities.)⁴⁹⁰

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. The Somalia Medicines Bill was passed by the House of Commons on January 3, 2026, and will not take effect until it has been approved by the House of Lords and signed by the president. (Government information.)⁴⁹¹

Before traveling, you should check with the embassy or the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA).

3.137. Sri Lanka¶

Psychotropic substances are classified in Sri Lanka under Schedule II B (Prescription-Only Medicines), and narcotics under Schedule III of the Cosmetics, Devices, and Drugs Act No. 27 of 1980. Methylphenidate is included in the quota list of psychotropic substances; amphetamine and dexamphetamine are not listed there. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Official information.)⁴⁹² The NMRA accepts marketing authorization applications for sustained-release methylphenidate and for lisdexamfetamine. (Official information.)⁴⁹³

Travelers may carry medications for personal use without prior approval from the NMRA, up to a maximum of the duration of their stay or 90 days (whichever is shorter). Conditions: (Government information.)⁴⁹⁴

• Original packaging or labeling indicating the name, strength, and intended use
• No Schedule III drugs
• Medications that are not administered intramuscularly or intravenously
• Medical records or a prescription, upon request

For larger quantities, prior approval from the NMRA is required.

In contrast, the NMRA’s page on controlled substances generally requires permits from both countries for the cross-border transport of controlled substances (in this context, for commercial purposes). (Government information.)⁴⁹²

Contact: National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA), email pa5@nmra.gov.lk. (Regulatory information.)⁴⁹⁵

3.138. St. Kitts and Nevis¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Class B drugs under the Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse of Drugs) Act, Cap. 9.08 (as of December 31, 2020). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)⁴⁹⁶

No rule specifically for travelers was found in the national sources. The importation of controlled substances is prohibited, unless exempted by regulation or authorized by a license issued by the Minister (Sec. 4). (Legal provision.)⁴⁹⁶ No exemption regulation for travelers was found.

Before traveling, you should check with the Ministry of Health or the embassy.

3.139. St. Lucia¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Class B drugs under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Cap. 3.02. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. (Legal provision.)⁴⁹⁷

The importation of controlled drugs is permitted only with a license from the Minister (see 5). (Legal provision.)⁴⁹⁸ According to customs authorities, the importation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is permitted only with a license from the Chief Medical Officer. (Official information.)⁴⁹⁹ The permitted quantity is limited to the duration of the stay, up to a maximum of 30 days. The following are required: (Official information.)⁵⁰⁰

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• a medical certificate certified by the health authorities of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the St. Lucia Department of Health
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

Contact: Office of the Drug Inspector, Ministry of Health, email druginspectorslu@gmail.com. (Government information.)⁵⁰⁰

3.140. St. Vincent and the Grenadines¶

Medications containing narcotics or psychotropic substances require special authorization from the Ministry of Health; this explicitly includes Ritalin for ADHD. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list. The traveler’s treating physician must submit the application to the Chief Medical Officer at least 8 days before departure. The following information must be provided: (Government information.)⁵⁰¹

• Patient’s name and condition treated
• A copy of the prescription, including the name, strength, and quantity, for the duration of the stay
• Flight information for arrival and departure
• Address and contact information in St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Contact information for the local physician providing follow-up care, if applicable

The ministry sends the approval to the applicant before departure; it must be carried upon entry. The quantity permitted is limited to the duration of the stay. There is no official application form. All medications must be declared on the customs form upon arrival. (Government information.)⁵⁰²

Contact: Chief Medical Officer, Halifax Street, Kingstown, email cmosvg@gov.vc. (Government information.)⁵⁰¹

3.141. South Africa¶

Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule 6. Dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine are listed in Schedule 6 only when contained in medications that are registered in South Africa and intended for the treatment of ADHD; otherwise, they are listed in Schedule 7 (as of August 1, 2025). (Legal provision.)⁵⁰³ Amphetamine is listed in Schedule 7. (Legal provision.)⁵⁰⁴ “Registered” refers to entry in the South African register pursuant to Section 13 of the Act. (Legal provision.)⁵⁰⁵ Dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine preparations that are approved in Germany but not registered in South Africa therefore fall under Schedule 7 according to the wording of the law.

Travelers may carry Schedule 6 substances for personal medical use in quantities not exceeding a 30-day supply. One of the following documents is required: (Legal provision.)⁸

• Original Recipe
• a certified copy of the prescription
• A certificate from the prescribing physician or dispensing pharmacist stating that the substance and quantity were prescribed for the traveler, including the issuer’s name, address, and email address

Regulation 8 does not provide for any exceptions for Schedule 7 substances. Their importation requires a permit under Section 22A(11), which must be applied for using Form GW 12/10. The permit is valid for 6 months. (Government information.)⁹ This applies to amphetamine as well as dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine preparations that are not registered in South Africa.

The INCB Country Profile (as of January 13, 2025) also specifies 30 days, but—contrary to Regulation 8—requires all of the following documents: (Information from the authorities.)⁵⁰⁶

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• A medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Certificate issued by the South African health authority
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs
• Copy of passport and itinerary

Contact: South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA), email Mokgadi.fafudi@sahpra.org.za. (Regulatory information.)⁵⁰⁶

For controlled substances, the state required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴ Regulation 8, however, does not require a permit for Schedule 6 substances (methylphenidate). (Legal provision.)⁸ Substances listed in Schedule 7 (amphetamine, as well as dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine preparations not registered in South Africa) require a permit under Section 22A(11). (Government information.)⁹

3.142. Sudan¶

According to the regulation of the National Medicines and Poisons Board (NMPB), psychotropic substances are defined as those listed in the 1971 Convention (Green List), to the extent that they have been adopted by the committee. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁵⁰⁷

Travelers entering the country with narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances for personal use are treated in accordance with Resolution 46/6 of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (International Guidelines for Travelers) (Art. 11). A narcotic may be dispensed based on a prescription from a physician registered outside Sudan only if a physician registered in Sudan countersigns it. (Legal provision.)⁵⁰⁷ The guide mentioned in the regulation, which specifies quantities and required documents, could not be found.

Contact: National Medicines and Poisons Board, email info@nmpb.gov.sd. (Government information.)⁵⁰⁸

3.143. South Korea¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are psychotropic substances in the same category (Annex 4 of the Implementing Regulation to the Narcotics Control Act, as of September 11, 2018). (Legal provision.)⁵⁰⁹

Every person entering the country, regardless of nationality, must obtain authorization from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The application must be submitted online at nedrug.mfds.go.kr at least 10 business days before entry. Late applications will not be accepted. The amount permitted is the quantity needed for the duration of the stay, up to a maximum of 90 days at the maximum dose recommended by a doctor, plus a maximum of 5 days’ worth of reserve. The following are required: (Government information.)⁵¹⁰

• a complete copy of your passport
• Flight reservation, including departure and arrival dates, flight number, and arrival airport
• A doctor’s note stating the diagnosis, brand name and generic name, dosage, daily dose, and prescribed quantity
• valid prescription
• If applicable, a certificate from the authorities in the traveler’s country of residence
• Documents in English or Korean; otherwise, they must be accompanied by a notarized translation

Medications must be carried in your carry-on luggage. Shipping them by mail is prohibited. No permit is required for pure transit without entering the country. (Government information.)⁵¹⁰

Carrying these substances for self-treatment is permitted only with authorization from the MFDS. Customs specifically lists methylphenidate (Medikinet, Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine isomers. Importing them without authorization is a criminal offense. (Government information.)⁵¹¹

Contact: MFDS, Narcotics Policy Division, Tel. +82 43-719-2813. (Government information.)⁵¹⁰

The only stimulant available on site was methylphenidate. (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

For controlled substances, the state required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴

3.144. South Sudan¶

The Medicines Act classifies all psychotropic substances controlled under the 1971 UN Convention as “Restricted Medicines.” These include methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list. A license from the South Sudan Drug and Food Control Authority (DFCA) is required only for imports for commercial or public purposes (Sec. 48 (1)). (Legal provision.)⁵¹²

No regulations for travelers were found in national sources. It is advisable to check with the embassy or the Ministry of Health in advance. The Federal Foreign Office recommends a medical certificate in English stating the necessity of the medication and warns against traveling to South Sudan. (Travel Advisory.)⁵¹³

Contact: Ministry of Health, email info@moh.gov.ss. (Government information.)⁵¹⁴

3.145. Suriname¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and levamphetamine are listed in List I (“hard drugs”), Part D, of the Wet Verdovende Middelen (as of February 12, 1998). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁵¹⁵

No provision regarding travelers was found in the national sources. For Schedule I substances, import, export, transit, transport, and possession are prohibited (Art. 3). Importation is permitted only with the authorization of the Minister of Health, following approval by the Attorney General (Art. 6). The exception for personal medical use (Art. 7, para. 3) applies only to transportation and possession, not to importation. (Legal provision.)⁵¹⁶ Import permits are granted only to individuals and institutions listed in a registry maintained by the Minister. Imported substances must be reported. (Legal provision.)⁵¹⁷

Before traveling, you should check with the Ministry of Public Health or the embassy.

3.146. Syria¶

The Narcotics Act No. 2/1993 also covers psychotropic substances listed in its Schedule No. 1 (Art. 1). The schedules were not available; therefore, the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine is not documented. Individuals may possess medicinal products containing narcotics for their own use in the quantities prescribed by licensed physicians (Art. 17). The Minister of Health grants import licenses only to government institutions, research institutes, laboratories, manufacturers, and pharmaceutical distributors (Art. 2 and 3). (Legal provision.)⁵¹⁸

No regulations for travelers were found in the national sources. It is advisable to check with the Syrian Embassy or the Ministry of Health in advance.

3.147. Tajikistan¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are psychotropic substances listed on the National List (Schedule 2, as of March 2, 2023). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named on the National List. (Legal provision.)⁵¹⁹

A valid doctor’s prescription stating the therapeutic medical purpose is required. No maximum quantity is specified. (Government information.)⁵²⁰ The import and export regulations for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances used for medical purposes (Government Resolution No. 204 of April 2, 2009) were not available in full text. It is advisable to check with the embassy or the Ministry of Health in advance.

Contact: Ministry of Health, email dca@tojikiston.com. (Government information.)⁵²⁰

3.148. Taiwan¶

Methylphenidate is a Class 3 controlled substance; amphetamine and dexamphetamine are Class 2 controlled substances. (Legal provision.)⁵²¹ Lisdexamfetamine has also been classified as Class 2 since October 20, 2015. Amphetamine-type drugs (including lisdexamfetamine) are classified as prohibited drugs (“??”) in Taiwan under Article 22(1)(1) of the Medicines Act. (Government information.)⁵²²

Travelers may carry controlled medications only for the treatment of their own medical condition, up to the prescribed amount and for a maximum of 6 months. A doctor’s prescription or medical certificate is required. Customs recommends that documents be in Chinese and English. A certificate from the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) for patients with controlled medications may be requested on a voluntary basis. (Government information.)⁵²³ Applications for this may be submitted to the TFDA: (Government information.)⁵²⁴

• Completed declaration form
• a doctor’s note stating the diagnosis, course of treatment, and prescribed controlled substances
• Copy of passport
• Copy of the label or package insert

Prescription information must be clearly visible on the containers. Controlled substances may not be sent to Taiwan by mail or courier. (Government information.)⁵²⁴ Medications must be declared at customs. (Government information.)⁵²⁵

The travel regulations do not specify whether the classification as a prohibited drug precludes travelers from carrying amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine preparations. Before traveling with these active ingredients, travelers should submit a written inquiry to the TFDA.

Contact: TFDA, Controlled Drugs Division, Tel. +886 2 2787-7663.

The only stimulant available on site was methylphenidate. (Narrative review, E 4.)²⁰

In 2010, 0.05% of adults aged 19 and older in the Asia and Australia region (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) received ADHD medication (95% CI 0.004 to 0.10). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

3.149. Tanzania¶

Amphetamine and dexamphetamine are controlled psychotropic substances (First Schedule, GN No. 63/2015). Methylphenidate is listed there only in the veterinary section, but falls under the definition of psychotropic substances, which encompasses all substances covered by the 1971 UN Convention. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. (Legal provision.)⁵²⁶ The draft of a new Scheduling Regulation (12/2025) explicitly lists methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine. (Legal provision.)⁵²⁷

Travelers carrying controlled substances must have a prescription from a licensed physician written in English that includes: (Government information.)⁵²⁸

• Patient’s name
• Brand name and international nonproprietary name (INN) of the drug
• Dosage and total prescribed amount
• Treatment duration of no more than 30 days

An extension of treatment must be obtained within the country. If the quantity exceeds the internationally recommended limit, an import permit must be requested from the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). (Government information.)⁵²⁸ For medications in general, however, the German Medicines Act specifies a 21-day supply. (Legal provision.)⁵²⁹ In Zanzibar as well, according to the regulations of the Zanzibar Food and Drug Agency, a 21-day supply applies to tourists. (Legal provision.)⁵³⁰

Contact: TMDA, email info@tmda.go.tz.

3.150. Thailand¶

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is classified as a Category II substance in the Thai FDA’s List of Narcotics (as of September 15, 2025). Amphetamine, dexamphetamine (e.g., Attentin), and levamphetamine are listed there in Category I. (Government information.)⁵³¹ Substances in Category I have no medical use in Thailand and may not be imported. Attentin may therefore not be brought into Thailand. The same applies to dronabinol, which is a Category I psychotropic substance in Thailand. The importation of prohibited narcotics and psychotropic substances is also prohibited by mail. (Official information.)⁵³²

Much of the information and user reviews available online still state that only a doctor’s note is required for lisdexamfetamine. An older fact sheet from the Thai FDA (2017) is also outdated. It still specifies a maximum of 30 days for controlled substances, a request submitted by fax or mail, and a certificate from the authorities of the country of departure.

For lisdexamfetamine (a Category II controlled substance), an authorization (Form IC-2) must be requested online in advance: https://permitfortraveler.fda.moph.go.th/permit_new/home A maximum supply for 90 days is permitted. Processing takes approximately 3 business days. (Government information.)⁵³² The permit is free of charge and is valid for a single entry only. A new application is required for each additional entry. No separate permit is required for any remaining quantity upon departure; the import permit must be presented upon request. (Official information.)⁵³³ “Check the Drug” on permitfortraveler also indicates that lisdexamfetamine falls under Category II.

The information regarding the application deadline varies. The guidance for travelers requires that the application be submitted at least 15 days before arrival. (Official information.)⁵³² The more recent application instructions specify approximately 2 weeks, but no more than 1 month before travel. (Official information.)⁵³³ To be on the safe side, submit your application between 15 and 30 days before arrival.

The following are required for the application: (Government information.)⁵³³

• the exact travel date
• Departure and arrival airports in Thailand
• a valid copy of your passport
• a prescription or medical document signed by the treating physician, including the patient’s name and address, diagnosis, name of the medication, strength, dosage instructions, and reason for the prescription, the dosage and total quantity, as well as the doctor’s name, address, and medical license number, issued no more than 6 months before the start of the trip
• An email address for registration via a one-time code (we recommend using the Chrome browser; registration is not possible on a smartphone)

The BtM certificate bearing the stamps of the physician and the public health department (BfArM form) is not required, but may be uploaded as an additional document.

Anyone who brings in more than a 90-day supply and is staying for no more than 90 days can deposit the excess with customs at the airport (Customs Bond). Upon departure from the same airport, it will be returned in exchange for the receipt. (Government information.)⁵³³

Methylphenidate is a Category II psychotropic substance in Thailand. No authorization is required for up to 30 days, but a prescription or medical document containing the information listed above is required. The medications are then considered personal property and do not need to be declared in the Red Channel. For 31 to 90 days, authorization (IC-2) is also required. (Official information.)⁵³²

When entering Thailand with medications that require authorization, you must report to the Customs Department (Red Channel) and present the medication, the authorization, and supporting documentation. The medications must remain in their original, labeled packaging. You must carry these documents with you throughout your entire stay. (Official information.)⁵³²

Contact: Narcotics Control Division of the Thai FDA, tnarcotics@fda.moph.go.th, Tel. +66 2590 7346. (Government information.)⁵³²

One person with ADHD reports that the application was approved within 2 days. (ADxS experience)

(Thanks to tlb)

For controlled substances, the state required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative Review, E 4.)⁴

3.151. Togo¶

The Drug Control Act distinguishes between psychotropic substances listed in Schedule II (high risk) and Schedule III (risk). The schedules are established by decree of the Minister of Health (Art. 6 and 7). This decree could not be located; therefore, the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine is not documented. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Individuals undergoing treatment who are in transit through Togo may possess, for personal use, Schedule II medications for a maximum of 7 treatment days and Schedule III medications for a maximum of 30 treatment days. They must carry the corresponding medical prescriptions with them (Art. 66). (Legal provision.)⁵³⁴

The INCB Country Profile (as of July 9, 2014) applies Article 66 to travelers in general. A valid doctor’s prescription is required. The maximum allowable duration is 7 days for narcotic drugs and 30 days for psychotropic substances. (Information from the authorities.)¹⁵

Contact: Directorate of Pharmacy, email dpmtogo@yahoo.fr. (Government information.)¹⁵

After reviewing the INCB’s list of psychotropic substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ The Drug Control Act, however, permits individuals undergoing treatment who are in transit to possess the substance for a maximum of 7 or 30 treatment days with a doctor’s prescription (Art. 66). (Legal provision.)⁵³⁴ The 2014 INCB Country Profile applies this to travelers in general. (Official information.)¹⁵

3.152. Tonga¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are “illicit drugs” (Schedule 1). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Individuals under medical treatment who are entering, leaving, or transiting through Tonga may possess quantities lawfully prescribed or dispensed to them for a maximum of one month. A written certificate from the treating physician is required (see 6). No prior authorization is required. (Legal provision.)⁵³⁵

3.153. Trinidad and Tobago¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Trinidad and Tobago in Germany, as of July 27, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form. The embassy specified:

1. Regulations Governing the Importation of Narcotic Drugs: The Dangerous Drugs Act of Trinidad and Tobago
2. Quantity restrictions for controlled substances: The quantity must correspond to the amount specified on the prescription, as prescribed by the treating physician
3. Documents or certificates: A copy of the prescription and a letter from the doctor listing the medications the patient needs
4. Proper Transportation: Medications must be labeled with the patient’s or passenger’s name and the appropriate instructions for use.
5. Other Information: If the patient is under 18 years of age, a statement from the parents or legal guardians must be provided confirming that they are the patient’s legal guardians.

The Ministry of Health excludes controlled drugs and narcotics from the simplified import procedure for personal use. For controlled medicines, contact the Chemistry, Food and Drugs Division (cfdd@health.gov.tt) in advance; for narcotics, contact the Drug Inspectorate (druginspectorate@health.gov.tt). (Government information.)⁵³⁶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are “controlled drugs” under the Food and Drugs Regulations in Trinidad and Tobago. Only an authorized distributor (physician, pharmacist, or license holder) may import or export them with prior approval from the Director of the Chemistry, Food, and Drugs Division. The regulation does not provide an exception for travelers. Lisdexamfetamine is not listed (as of December 31, 2016). (Legal provision.)⁵³⁷ These substances are not covered by the Dangerous Drugs Act, as its Second Schedule includes only psychotropic substances listed in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention. (Legal provision.)⁵³⁸

Travelers should obtain written information or authorization from the Chemistry, Food, and Drugs Division (cfdd@health.gov.tt) before traveling. Trinidad and Tobago has not submitted a country fact sheet for travelers to the INCB. (Government information.)¹¹⁹

3.154. Chad¶

There is no evidence regarding the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine, and a national narcotics law could not be found online. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule.

According to the INCB Country Profile (as of July 10, 2014), the following are required: (Information from the authorities.)⁵³⁹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• Presentation of the original prescription to customs

No maximum quantity is specified. It is recommended that you check with the authorities in advance.

Contact: Direction Générale de la Pharmacie, du Médicament et des Laboratoires (DGPML), email info@dgpml.com. (Government information.)⁵⁴⁰

3.155. Tunisia¶

The classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine was not found in the national sources. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

Travelers need a permit to bring their medications with them. To obtain one, the following documents must be submitted to the Tunisian Embassy in their country of residence: (Government information.)⁵⁴¹

• A detailed medical report specifying the length of stay in Tunisia
• a doctor’s prescription covering this period

For psychotropic substances, the maximum allowed is 3 months; for narcotics taken orally, the maximum is 28 days. Prescriptions must comply with Tunisian law. Permission is granted only if the traveler is not addicted and is not receiving substitution therapy. (Government information.)⁵⁴¹

Customs includes narcotics and psychotropic substances on the list of prohibited imports. For medications intended for personal use, customs requires a doctor’s prescription or approval from the Ministry of Health. Luggage must be declared. (Government information.)⁵⁴²

Contact: National Narcotics Bureau, Directorate of Pharmacy and Medicines (DPM), Tel. +216 70 223 964, Email dpm@rns.tn. (Government information.)⁵⁴³

3.156. Turkey¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Turkish Embassy in Germany, as of January 31, 2024, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

In general, all medications and medical devices—with the exception of hemp, cannabis, and marijuana in the form of flowers—may be brought into Turkey by passengers for personal use.
The passenger must present documents proving that these medications must be taken during the trip. Medical certificates issued by a doctor or hospital, or prescriptions written by a doctor, are acceptable in this context. It is also recommended to have a doctor issue a Schengen certificate. The Schengen certificate does not need to be certified by the public health department and is accepted by Turkish authorities because it is an international document.

According to the Turkish Customs Guide, a report from a healthcare facility, a medical certificate, or a prescription must be presented for import. The quantity must be appropriate for the duration of the stay. (Government information.)¹⁶ Official Turkish sources do not mention recognition of the Schengen Certificate.

Methylphenidate preparations (e.g., Concerta, Medikinet, Ritalin) must be prescribed in Turkey on a red prescription (narcotics prescription). (Legal provisions.)⁵⁴⁴ Amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine preparations are not included on this list. Amphetamine (mixed salts with dexamphetamine) is on the list of active ingredients that must be procured from abroad; it can be imported only with a red prescription and written authorization from the T?TCK. This list applies to procurement through foreign sources, not to travelers. Lisdexamfetamine is not listed there either. (Official information.)⁵⁴⁵ No T?TCK regulation regarding travelers carrying these substances was found.

Passengers may only bring in the amount of medication and pills that they actually need during their stay in Turkey.
There are no other quantity limits for medications. However, there must be no suspicion of commercial trade in these products.

The importation of cannabis, marijuana, and hemp in the form of flowers—even for medicinal use—is not permitted. Only cannabis-based medications approved by the FDA or EMA are permitted for a maximum of 31 days. The certifying authority in the country of departure must send the certificate to the Turkish Medicines Agency (T?TCK) at least 3 days prior to arrival. (Official information.)⁵⁴⁶

For more information, contact the Turkish Agency for Turkish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices.

Following an analysis of the INCB’s list of psychotropic substances, the country had reported an import ban on methylphenidate. (Narrative Review, E 4.)¹⁰ According to the Turkish Customs Guide, however, medications for personal use may be imported with a report from a healthcare facility, a doctor’s note, or a prescription. (Official information.)¹⁶ Methylphenidate preparations are available by prescription on a red prescription form in Turkey. (Legal provision.)⁵⁴⁴

3.157. Turkmenistan¶

Controlled substances are listed in a schedule approved by the President (Schedules 1 through 4). There is no record of methylphenidate, amphetamine, or dexamphetamine being classified in this schedule. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national schedule. Individuals may transport narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances only if they have obtained them in Turkmenistan pursuant to a medical prescription (Art. 21, para. 4). Sick foreign nationals in transit may carry substances listed in Schedules 2 and 3 for their own treatment in accordance with a procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers (Art. 29). The law does not contain a provision regarding foreign nationals entering the country. (Legal provision.)⁵⁴⁷

According to customs regulations, private individuals may import prescription medications without declaring them if they have a copy of the prescription with the medication. At the same time, narcotics and psychotropic substances are, without exception, included on the list of prohibited imports and exports. (Official information.)⁵⁴⁸ Bringing stimulants into the country therefore carries a high risk. It is recommended to inquire in writing with the embassy in advance.

Contact: State Customs Service of Turkmenistan, email info@customs.gov.tm. (Government information.)⁵⁴⁸

3.158. Tuvalu¶

Amphetamines are listed in the Poisons List (Part I) of the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance. Their importation is permitted only with a license from the Minister. The only exceptions are physicians, pharmacists, veterinarians, and dentists (see Section 37(1)). (Legal provision.)⁵⁴⁹ Methylphenidate is not listed there. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. The Dangerous Drugs Act does not cover stimulants. (Legal provision.)⁵⁵⁰

No regulations for travelers were found in the national sources. It is advisable to check with the Ministry of Health in advance.

3.159. Uganda¶

The classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine was not found in the national sources. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national list.

According to the INCB Country Profile (as of November 14, 2014), the following are required for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances: (Information for authorities.)⁵⁵¹

• a valid doctor’s prescription
• A medical certificate certified by the health authority of the country of residence
• Submission of the original prescription to the National Drug Authority
• Verification certificate
• Special import permit issued by the National Drug Authority

A quantity limit is checked off, but no specific amount is listed.

Contact: National Drug Authority, email esr@nda.or.ug. (Government information.)⁵⁵¹

3.160. Ukraine¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Ukrainian Embassy in Germany, as of December 15, 2023, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form.

3.161. Uruguay¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances (Lista Verde). Methylphenidate may only be dispensed with a triple-prescription form. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule (as of February 26, 2026). (Legal provision.)⁵⁵⁵

According to customs regulations, travelers may import medications in quantities appropriate to their needs and the duration of their stay, provided they have the corresponding doctor’s prescription. Certain goods are released only with the approval of the competent authority (including the Ministry of Health). The importation of narcotics is prohibited. (Government information.)⁵⁵⁶ No specific regulation from the Ministry of Health regarding incoming travelers was found. The Federal Foreign Office recommends contacting the Ministry of Health before entry to find out where, if necessary, an exemption can be requested. (Travel advisory.)⁵⁵⁷

Contact: Ministry of Public Health, Controlled Substances Division, email sicofarmacos@msp.gub.uy. (Government information.)⁵⁵⁸

3.162. United States¶

According to information provided by the U.S. Embassy in Berlin and the relevant public health department on January 24, 2025, the following is required:

• A medical certificate (in English) stating that the medication is being taken on an ongoing basis for medical reasons. There is no specific form for this. It must include:
  • Specific name and dosage of the medication
  • the quantity (number of capsules)
  • Patient’s name
  • Home address
  • Date of Birth
  • Doctor’s name
  • The doctor’s address and contact information
  • The doctor’s signature and stamp.
• A certification from the relevant public health department. The public health department certifies
  • that the doctor who issued the certificate actually exists
  • that the doctor is licensed
• You must bring the appropriate amount of the medication for the duration of your trip in its original container.
  • In the original container = blister pack or can. Outer cardboard packaging is not required.
  • You may only take as much as is necessary for the duration of the trip, as prescribed = no quantities that deviate significantly from the duration of the trip
  • Otherwise, there is a risk that U.S. authorities could allege an intent to engage in illegal drug trafficking

According to the public health department, it is not necessary to actively present the documents upon entry. Under U.S. federal law, however, medications containing controlled substances must be carried in their original containers upon entry and declared to customs (for personal use, trade name, or active ingredient). (Legal provision.)⁵⁵⁹ U.S. Customs requires a valid prescription or a doctor’s note in English and recommends, as a rule of thumb, a supply of no more than 90 days. It does not mention certification by a health authority. (Government information.)⁵⁶⁰

Foreign travelers may legally import controlled substances listed in Schedules II through V into the United States for personal medical use, regardless of the quantity, provided they are in their original containers and are declared to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) (personal use, trade or chemical name, and Schedule symbol; alternatively, the name of the pharmacy or physician and the prescription number). The limit of 50 dosage units in total applies only to U.S. residents and only to controlled substances purchased abroad; it does not apply to medications prescribed in the United States and brought along on the trip. (Legal provision.)⁵⁶¹
An analysis of official information indicated that, for the United States, a valid doctor’s prescription and the presentation of the original prescription to customs are required. The United States did not adopt the INCB’s recommendation for a maximum 30-day supply. (Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of official data, n = 25 countries, E 3.)³

Methylphenidate, amphetamine (including its optical isomers, such as dexamphetamine and levamphetamine), and lisdexamfetamine are classified as Schedule II substances in the United States. (Legal provision.)⁵⁶²

The required information can also be found on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website (Link: Traveling with Medication).

Many thanks to Paulina :-)

In the North America region (data on adults from the U.S. only), 1.42% of adults aged 19 and older received ADHD medication in 2010 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.54). (Retrospective observational study, 13 countries and 1 special administrative region, N = 154.5 million, E 3.)²⁴

For drug testing purposes, it is important to note that the U.S. version of Adderall contained approximately 25% levoamphetamine (dextroamphetamine to levoamphetamine ratio of 3 to 1), unlike the amphetamine medications approved in Germany (pure dextroamphetamine). A chiral laboratory analysis distinguishes between the use of medication and the use of street amphetamine; a levoamphetamine content exceeding the expected value for the medication indicates additional use. The ADHD medication currently being taken should therefore be specified for each sample. (Expert recommendation based on retrospective laboratory evaluation, N = 8,930 urine samples, E 4.)⁸³

In 1998, a screening cutoff value of 1,000 ng/ml was mandated for forensic urine tests in the United States. Consequently, in the first 24 hours after a single dose of dextroamphetamine, only 19% of urine samples tested positive after a 5 mg dose, 67% after a 10 mg dose, and 88% after a 20 mg dose. (Placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic study, n = 7, Phase 2b.)⁵⁶³

3.163. Uzbekistan¶

Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are listed in Schedule I of controlled substances, the distribution of which is prohibited in Uzbekistan. Amphetamine is listed in Schedule II (controlled substances with restricted distribution). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. However, Schedule I also covers analogs, isomers, esters, and ethers, as well as all mixtures containing scheduled substances (as of April 8, 2025). (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁴ Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine preparations (including mixed salts containing dexamfetamine) may therefore not be imported.

Schedule II controlled substances (amphetamine) may be imported in quantities not exceeding a 7-day supply. The following are required: (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁵

• A document from a medical facility in the country of residence or stay, specifying the name of the medication, its dosage form, and the recommended amount for the course of treatment
• Manufacturer’s original packaging

Narcotics and psychotropic substances must be declared at the border. Quantities exceeding the documented amount will be confiscated and destroyed. (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁵ The INCB Country Profile (2024) also specifies that a copy of the prescription must be provided. (Government information.)⁵⁶⁶

Contact: Drug Control Committee, Center for Drug Safety, Ministry of Health, email nnqkomitet@ssv.uz. (Government information.)⁵⁶⁶

3.164. Vanuatu¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are controlled substances under the Dangerous Drugs Act (see Section 2). Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. A preparation carried for personal use is exempt from the prohibitions if it (see Section 3): (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁷

• is carried in a reasonable quantity
• is supported by a letter from the attending physician in the patient’s country of origin
• is labeled with its correct name

There is no provision for prior approval. The 2021 amendment applies only to cannabis and leaves the list of substances and exemptions unchanged. (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁸

3.165. Vatican City¶

Psychotropic substances are all substances listed in Schedules I through IV of the 1971 UN Convention (Art. 41), including methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically named in the national list. The purchase, sale, or dispensing of such substances in the dosage and form of prescription medications is not a criminal offense (Art. 45, para. 2). Unauthorized possession of a quantity intended exclusively for personal use is punishable by imprisonment for 1 month to 1 year and a fine of up to 1,000 euros (Art. 42, para. 4). (Legal provision.)⁵⁶⁹

No provision for travelers was found in the national sources. In matters not specifically regulated, Italian law applies supplementarily following its adoption by the Vatican authorities (Art. 3). (Legal provision.)⁵⁷⁰ Entry is via Italy; therefore, Italian rules are practically the governing ones (Schengen Certificate).

3.166. Venezuela¶

The national classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine was not found in official sources. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. Under the Narcotics Act, only licensed pharmaceutical laboratories and distribution companies may import and export narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (Art. 44). The law does not provide for an exception for travelers. (Legal provision.)⁵⁷¹

According to the INCB Country Profile (as of 12/2016), travelers entering the country with narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances require authorization from the health authority of their country of origin. Restrictions are marked with a check mark but are not specified in numerical terms. (Official information.)⁵⁷² It is advisable to check with the embassy or the relevant authority in advance.

Contact: Servicio Autónomo de Contraloría Sanitaria (SACS), Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Tel. +58 212 408 0500, Email mevegamendez@gmail.com. (Government information.)⁵⁷²

3.167. United Arab Emirates (UAE)¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Germany, as of January 22, 2024, it is possible to transport controlled substances using the “International” form. Additionally, prior registration is required.

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are Schedule II psychotropic substances in the UAE. The quantity permitted is limited to the duration of the stay, up to a maximum of 3 months. A prescription or a certified medical report is required. (Official information.)⁵⁷³ The prescription must not be more than 3 months old, and the medical report with diagnosis must not be more than 1 year old. Without prior authorization, the medications must be declared upon arrival along with the prescription and medical report. Prior authorization through the Emirates Drug Establishment (EDE) is voluntary and free of charge. Transit passengers do not need it. (Official information.)⁷
Illegal importation of medications can result in prison sentences.

Information on bringing medications with you can be found at the Emirates Drug Establishment, which performs these functions on behalf of the Ministry of Health (mohap.gov.ae).

Amphetamine-based medications were available only on a limited basis (secondary citation from Alotaibi 2025). (Narrative review, k = 13, E 4.)²¹

For controlled substances, the country required a separate import permit in addition to a medical certificate following a review. (Narrative review, E 4.)⁴ According to the most recent INCB Country Profile, however, prior authorization from the Emirates Drug Establishment is voluntary; without it, the medications must be declared upon arrival along with a prescription and a medical report. (Official information.)⁷

3.168. Vietnam¶

Methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine are Schedule IIB controlled substances (restricted to use in research, testing, and medicine). (Legal provision.)⁵⁷⁷ Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine have been listed as psychotropic substances since July 16, 2026. Amphetamine and dexamfetamine are not included in either the list of psychotropic substances or the list of addictive substances. (Legal provision.)⁵⁷⁸

Travelers may carry, for their own use and without a permit, psychotropic medications in quantities sufficient for no more than 10 days and addictive medications in quantities sufficient for no more than 7 days, in accordance with the dosage specified in the attached prescription. For larger quantities, an import permit from the Provincial People’s Committee at the point of entry or place of residence is required. Processing takes 7 business days. The following are required (as of July 1, 2025): (Official information.)⁵⁷⁹

• Application (Form M?u s? 27)
• A certified copy or a copy signed by the applicant of the prescription, including the patient’s name and age, the medication, strength, quantity, dosage, the doctor’s name and signature, and the practice address
• Original recipe for reference

It is not specified whether amphetamine and dexamphetamine preparations are subject to this rule, as they are not listed as active ingredients. Before traveling with these substances, you should check with the embassy.

3.169. Central African Republic¶

There is no evidence to support the classification of methylphenidate, amphetamine, and dexamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is not specifically listed in the national schedule. The Criminal Code refers to Law No. 01.011 of July 18, 2001 (Art. 246) for offenses involving drugs, narcotics, and psychotropic substances. (Legal provision.)⁵⁸⁰ This law could not be found online.

No specific regulations for travelers were found in national sources. It is advisable to check with the embassy in advance. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs generally recommends carrying medications in their original packaging along with a prescription listing the international nonproprietary name (INN). (Travel Advisory.)⁵⁸¹

3.170. Cyprus¶

According to an inquiry from the Königsmarck Medical Practice to the Embassy of Cyprus in Germany, as of September 28, 2023, it is possible to carry medical cannabis or medical controlled substances by using the “International” form.
The importation of medical cannabis or medical narcotics (including stimulants) requires prior authorization from the Pharmaceutical Services of the Cypriot Ministry of Health. The maximum permitted quantity is enough for 30 days. (Official information.)⁵⁸² * (Official information.)*⁵⁸³ To do so, the following is required (via email or fax):

• the completed application form
• a doctor’s note stating which medication is being taken and for which medical condition
• authorization from the German authorities permitting the possession and use of medical cannabis (medical narcotics)
• a copy of the prescription

Contact: Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, phscentral@phs.moh.gov.cy. (Government information.)⁵⁸³

According to the INCB Country Profile, the medical certificate must be certified by the health authority of the country of residence. In addition, a valid prescription and approval from Pharmaceutical Services are required. The Country Profile lists the following contact information: Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, 1475 Nicosia, Tel. +357 22 608 672, Fax +357 22 608 793, Email jstelliou@phs.moh.gov.cy. (Government information.)⁵⁸²

Cannabis is a controlled substance in Cyprus under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1977 and the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Regulations of 1979. The importation of (non-medical) cannabis containing even trace amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is therefore prohibited in any form.

Cyprus is not a full member of the Schengen Area. It applies parts of Schengen law, but internal border controls remain in place. (Official information.)²⁶

4. Driving While on Medication¶

In Germany, it is an administrative offense to drive a motor vehicle while under the influence of amphetamine. Such an effect is deemed to exist if amphetamine is detected in the blood serum. This does not apply if the substance results from the proper use of a medication prescribed for a specific medical condition. Methylphenidate is not listed in the appendix to § 24a StVG. (Legal provision.)⁸⁴ Driving a vehicle remains a criminal offense if, as a result of intoxicating substances, safe driving is not possible. (Legal provision.)⁸⁵

In criminal proceedings under national law concerning the medically necessary and permissible use of medications (which, as in the case of ADHD, enhance traffic safety), it would be necessary to examine on a case-by-case basis whether the applicable national regulations violate higher-ranking European law.

4.1. Legal Models in Europe¶

(E 3): Legal systems address driving under the influence of medications and drugs according to three models (zero tolerance, blood thresholds, and evidence of impairment). There was no robust scientific basis for the choice of model; it was primarily based on the political balance between civil rights and traffic safety. (Narrative review; full text not available to us, E 4.)⁵⁸⁴ * (Narrative review, E 4.)*⁵⁸⁵ The following were applied:

• Zero tolerance (any quantifiable amount of a listed substance in the blood is a criminal offense), with the exception of prescription drugs taken as directed, in:
  • Sweden (since July 1, 1999), provided the driver is not unfit to drive. A conviction based solely on the detection of a drug required proof of unfitness to drive, overdose, or abuse, as determined by an expert opinion. The laboratory’s limit of quantification (amphetamine 0.03 µg/g whole blood) served as the de facto threshold. (Legal overview with case analysis, E 4.)¹⁰⁴
  • Sweden and Finland, where the absence of a valid prescription or a blood concentration exceeding therapeutic levels results in criminal prosecution (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)⁷⁹
  • Slovenia: Detection in blood or saliva, with no threshold limits. Psychoactive medications taken as prescribed are exempt following a medical examination; the classification of prescribed stimulants is open. (Legal provision.)¹¹⁰
    • differs from EUDA (2025), which makes no mention of the exception for pharmaceuticals (Information from the authorities.)⁹³
• Zero tolerance with no explicit exceptions for prescription drugs, in:
  • Poland: Amphetamine and analogs (detection limit 25 ng/ml in blood, no threshold for effects; methylphenidate not specifically mentioned) (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁰ * (Legal provision.)*⁹⁹
  • Slovakia: as long as an addictive substance is still present in the body; in addition, there are separate regulations for medications that may impair driving ability (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁷ * (Legal provision.)*¹⁰⁸
• Blood threshold levels, in:
  • Denmark and Norway, for many legal and illegal psychoactive substances (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)⁷⁹
  • Denmark: 0.01 mg/kg whole blood for (S)-amphetamine (dexamphetamine) and 0.02 mg/kg for racemic or (R)-amphetamine. Prescription medications, however, could instead be subject to a clinical assessment of impairment. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 5,248, n = 980, E 3.)⁸⁰ When a prescription for lisdexamfetamine was confirmed, the case was generally dismissed despite the presence of dexamfetamine in the blood. (Laboratory study, n = 3 blood donors, E 2b.)⁸¹ In contrast, cases involving exclusively (S)-amphetamine were reported to the police as (S)-amphetamine following a Danish laboratory analysis and evaluated against the threshold value of 0.01 mg/kg. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 5,248, n = 980, E 3.)⁸⁰
  • Norway (Proposed in 2011, planned for implementation starting in 2012; thresholds for 20 substances based on impairment at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.2 per mille; for amphetamine, 41 ng/mL whole blood; no graduated thresholds for stimulants), excluding individuals with a valid prescription, for whom individual assessment remains in effect (Expert Commission, E 4.)⁹⁷
  • United Kingdom (since 2015), for 17 substances (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)²³⁷ , including amphetamine at 250 µg/l in England and Wales. The threshold levels for medications were deliberately set high so as not to discourage patients from taking them; amphetamine was apparently treated the same way due to its medical use. Drivers who can prove they are taking medication as prescribed may invoke a legal defense (medical defense). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,684, n = 218, E 3.)²³⁸
  • Czech Republic (since April 2, 2014): 25 ng/ml of amphetamine in blood serum, with no exceptions for prescription medications; no threshold value for methylphenidate (Legal provision.)¹¹²
• Evidence of a disability (clinical examination, assessment), in:
  • Norway: for individuals with a valid prescription, provided that the assessment takes into account tolerance, medical condition, and proper use (Expert Commission, E 4.)⁹⁷
  • United Kingdom through 2015 (Narrative review; full text not available to us; E 4.)²³⁷
  • Estonia (visibly intoxicated state; no thresholds for drugs or medications) (Legal provision.)⁹⁰ * (Legal provision.)*⁸⁹
    • Consumption without a doctor’s prescription is an administrative offense (Legal provision.)⁹²
    • Unlike the EUDA (2025), which stipulates a zero-tolerance policy without mentioning the regulatory exemption (Information from the authorities.)⁹³

4.2. Detection of Amphetamine-Based Medications During Traffic Stops¶

4.3. Countries with a Zero-Tolerance Policy in 2009 and the Current Legal Situation¶

In 2009, laws in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia criminalized driving with even a trace of any substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸

According to the recent Government Regulation No. 41/2014, a driver in the Czech Republic is considered to be under the influence if their blood serum contains 25 ng/ml or more of amphetamine, effective April 2, 2014. No threshold value has been set for methylphenidate. (Legal provision.)¹¹²

For the remaining countries, the 2009 figures are partially outdated (as of October 2026). The following applies in:

• In Poland, possession of amphetamine and its analogs remains a crime requiring proof of presence, with no exception for medicinal use (detection limit of 25 ng/ml in the blood; no threshold for effects). Methylphenidate is not specifically listed. Driving under the influence of a narcotic substance is a criminal offense. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁰ * (Legal provision.)⁹⁹ * (Legal provision.)¹⁰²
• In Slovakia, it remains an offense requiring proof of guilt with no explicit exception for medications (fine of 200 to 1,000 euros, driving ban of up to 5 years), along with a separate rule for medications that may impair driving ability. A criminal offense requires that the driver be unfit to drive. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁷ * (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁸ * (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁹
• In Slovenia, it is an offense requiring proof (blood or saliva), with an exception for psychoactive medications taken as prescribed following a medical examination. The classification of prescribed stimulants is still open. The information from 2009 is outdated in this regard. (Legal provision.)¹¹⁰
• In Estonia, criminal liability applies only if the person is visibly intoxicated; possession is a criminal offense only if the substance is not prescribed by a doctor. The information from 2009 is outdated. (Legal provision.)⁹⁰ * (Legal provision.)⁸⁹ * (Legal provision.)⁹²

In 2025, the EUDA listed Estonia, Poland, and Slovenia as countries with a zero-tolerance policy and did not specify the exceptions in Estonia and Slovenia. For Poland and Slovakia, it cited outdated sanctions. (Government information.)⁹³

A single therapeutic dose was detectable in healthy subjects using sensitive laboratory methods for a median of 67 to 78 hours (amphetamine) and 36 to 41 hours (methylphenidate, Ritalin acid), respectively, and individually for up to the following durations: (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 22, Phase 2b.)⁹⁴

• 93 hours for amphetamine in saliva after 10 mg of dexamphetamine (one person with isolated positive samples over 96 hours)
• 87 hours for amphetamine in urine after taking 10 mg of dexamfetamine
• 81 hours for amphetamine in urine after 30 mg of lisdexamfetamine
• 77 hours for amphetamine in saliva after 30 mg of lisdexamfetamine
• 45 hours for Ritalin acid in urine after taking 20 mg of methylphenidate
• 42 hours for methylphenidate in saliva after taking 20 mg of methylphenidate

This represents a serious disadvantage for people with ADHD in countries where possession is a criminal offense without an exception for medicinal purposes (Poland, Slovakia).

4.3.1. Estonia: Driving Is a Criminal Offense Only If the Driver Is Visibly Intoxicated¶

In 2009, the law criminalized driving while under the influence of any trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ This information is outdated. Today (as of October 2026), driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated (“joobeseisundis”) is a criminal offense, punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to 3 years; in the case of a repeat offense, the penalty is up to 4 years with mandatory revocation of the driver’s license. The revocation of the driver’s license as an additional penalty is at least 3 months. The text does not include an exception for medications; the state of intoxication is the determining factor. (Legal provision.)⁸⁹ A state of intoxication is a condition caused by alcohol, narcotics, psychotropic substances, or other intoxicating substances, “manifested in externally perceptible disturbances or changes in physical or mental functions and reactions” (which manifests itself in outwardly perceptible disturbances or changes in physical or mental functions and reactions). According to this, a laboratory test result alone is not sufficient. (Legal provision)⁹⁰ Numerical limits exist only for alcohol; there are no thresholds for drugs or medications. If a doctor determines that a person’s ability to drive is impaired to the point of endangering traffic safety—including due to the “effects of a substance that impairs or paralyzes the ability to drive”—that person may not drive. (Legal provision.)⁹¹ The use of a narcotic or psychotropic substance without a “doctor’s prescription” (arsti ettekirjutuseta) is punishable by a fine of up to 300 daily rate units or imprisonment. Use prescribed by a doctor is therefore exempt. (Legal provision.)⁹² In contrast, the EUDA listed Estonia in 2025 as a country with a “zero-tolerance” policy (penalties for any detection without established thresholds) and did not mention the exception for medically prescribed use. (Official information.)⁹³ Since medically prescribed use is exempt from the consumption ban and only a perceptible state of intoxication is punishable, carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) is more likely to exonerate the individual there. (ADxS assessment.)

4.3.2. Poland: Offense Based on Evidence When Driving Without a Medical Exemption¶

In 2009, the law criminalized driving while having even a trace of any substance in one’s system, even if it was a medication. (Official report, E 4.)⁸⁸ This continues to apply to amphetamine (as of October 2026). Driving a motor vehicle “w stanie po u?yciu alkoholu lub podobnie dzia?aj?cego?rodka” (in a state resulting from the use of alcohol or a substance with a similar effect) constitutes an administrative offense (detention or a fine of at least 2,500 zloty, mandatory driving ban). (Legal provision.)⁹⁹ Substances with similar effects include, among others, “amfetamina i jej analogi” (amphetamine and its analogs). For amphetamine and its analogs, the limit of quantification in blood is 25 ng/ml and in urine 250 ng/ml. These are analytical detection limits, not thresholds for impairment. The regulation does not contain an exception for medications. Methylphenidate is not specifically named. Whether it is considered an analog of amphetamine remains unclear. (Legal provision)¹⁰⁰ According to a ruling by the Constitutional Court, the driving ban ranges from 6 months to 3 years. The court distinguished between the mere state following use (“po u?yciu”) and the state of being under the influence (“pod wp?ywem”), which presupposes a specific functional impairment of the body. The original case involved a cyclist who tested positive for amphetamines; case P 13/24 was dismissed on December 10, 2025. (Court decision.)¹⁰¹ Driving a motor vehicle “pod wp?ywem?rodka odurzaj?cego” (under the influence of an intoxicating substance) is a criminal offense (imprisonment for up to 3 years, mandatory driving ban of at least 3 years). (Legal provision.)¹⁰² The Road Traffic Act prohibits driving after consuming a substance with effects similar to alcohol. If there is reasonable suspicion, the police will confiscate the driver’s license. (Legal provision.)¹⁰³ For dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine (via its metabolite dexamfetamine), detection of amphetamine is therefore sufficient to establish an administrative offense. No court rulings regarding prescribed ADHD medications were found. (Assessment by ADxS.) The EUDA listed Poland in 2025 as a “zero-tolerance” country, with outdated information regarding penalties. (Official information.)⁹³ Carrying proof of a prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) does not protect against an administrative offense there and may pose a risk while driving. (ADxS assessment.)

 

4.3.3. Slovakia: Offense based on evidence when driving without an explicit medical exemption¶

In 2009, the law criminalized driving with even the slightest trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ The offense remains a crime of detection (as of October 2026). It is prohibited to drive a vehicle “in such a state after consuming alcohol or another addictive substance, when alcohol or another addictive substance may still be present in one’s body” (as long as alcohol or another addictive substance may still be present in the body). A separate rule prohibits “driving a vehicle after taking medication, if the medication may impair one’s ability to drive.” If there is reasonable suspicion of alcohol consumption, use of another addictive substance, or medication use, a psychiatric evaluation for addiction is required, followed by traffic psychology counseling. The violation is considered serious. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁷ Driving is considered an administrative offense if, following testing, an addictive substance is still present in the body (fine of 200 to 1,000 euros and a driving ban of up to 5 years). (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁸ Addictive substances include alcohol, narcotics, psychotropic substances, and other substances that impair mental function. The definition does not specify an exception for medications. A criminal offense (imprisonment for up to 1 year) requires driving while unfit to drive. (Legal provision.)¹⁰⁹ It remains unclear how the prohibition regarding addictive substances in the body relates to the regulations governing prescribed stimulants. (ADxS assessment.) In 2025, the EUDA cited a driving ban of up to 1 year, which no longer complies with the law. (Information from authorities.)⁹³ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD ID card) does not protect against an administrative offense in that context and may pose a risk while driving. (ADxS assessment.)

4.3.4. Slovenia: Offense Based on Evidence While Driving with a Medication Exemption Following a Follow-Up Examination¶

In 2009, the law penalized driving with even the slightest trace of a substance, even if it was a medication. (Government report, E 4.)⁸⁸ For medically prescribed psychoactive medications, this information is outdated (as of October 2026). It is prohibited to drive “pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, psihoaktivnih zdravil ali drugih psihoaktivnih snovi, in njihovih presnovkov” (under the influence of illegal drugs, psychoactive medications, or other psychoactive substances and their metabolites). A person is considered to be under the influence if such substances are detected in their blood or saliva. There are no threshold limits. The consequences are a fine of at least 1,200 euros and 18 penalty points. If the substance is detected only in urine, the fine is waived, and a follow-up medical examination is required. If psychoactive medications are detected, a follow-up medical examination is required. The driver is considered not to be under the influence “if a follow-up medical examination determines that he … used psychoactive medications in accordance with the prescribed therapy and the instructions of the attending physician” (if the follow-up medical examination determines that he has used the psychoactive medications in accordance with the prescribed therapy and the instructions of the treating physician). The driver’s license may be temporarily revoked. Whether prescribed amphetamine and methylphenidate preparations are classified as psychoactive medications (exceptions possible) or as prohibited drugs (no exceptions) is governed by a list issued by the Minister of Health. This list was not evaluated. (Legal provision.)¹¹⁰ 18 penalty points result in the revocation of the driver’s license; for foreign driver’s licenses, this results in a one-year ban on driving in Slovenia. (Legal provision.)¹¹¹ In 2025, the EUDA did not mention the medication exemption and relied on an older version of the law (Uradni list RS 82/13). (Official information.)⁹³ Carrying proof of the prescription (e.g., an ADHD card) can serve as evidence of proper use for the screening test. It is unclear whether the exception applies to stimulants. (ADxS assessment.)

4.3.5. Czech Republic: Ban on Stimulants While Driving, Unless Prescribed by a Doctor¶

A statement from the Czech Ministry of the Interior confirmed that any detection of amphetamines in the blood can result in criminal charges and the revocation of a driver’s license.
Lisdexamfetamine has been on the Czech list of controlled substances since 2017; driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of this substance is prohibited.
Methylphenidate is also affected.
Since April 2, 2014, a driver in the Czech Republic is considered to be under the influence if their blood serum contains 25 ng/ml or more of amphetamine. No threshold value has been set for methylphenidate in that country. (Legal provision.)¹¹²

Land Transportation Act, PART ONE, TITLE VI, § 125c

“These substances are included on the list of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (Government Regulation No. 463/2013, List No. 5). A driver may not operate a motor vehicle immediately after ingesting these substances or while under their influence.” (Legal Provision)¹¹³

This applies explicitly even when such effects result from the proper use of prescribed ADHD medications.
There are different levels of severity depending on the concentration of the active ingredient in the blood, but even at the lowest measurable blood concentration, the penalty for drivers is severe. In the Czech Republic, drivers face a fine of 1,000 to 2,000 euros and a driving ban of 1 to 2 years. So far, however, there have been no recorded cases in the statistics of the Czech police prosecuting drivers for taking lisdexamfetamine.

Government Regulation No. 41/2014, on the other hand, specifies a threshold value (a driver is deemed to be under the influence without further proof if the amphetamine level in their blood serum is 25 ng/ml or higher). (Legal provision.)¹¹²

The Czech Ministry of Health is aware that the active ingredient is used as a medication for ADHD. However, lisdexamfetamine is not available in the Czech Republic, and there are no plans to approve it.

We assume that this is likely to apply even more so to attentin or amphetamine salts.

(Thanks to Pedro)

5. Drug Tests and ADHD Medications¶

5.1. False-positive rapid tests¶

Drug abuse screening using nonspecific point-of-care immunoassay methods (“rapid tests”) can lead to false positives with ADHD medications.
There are barely any studies that address the risk of “false-positive” test results in immunoassay tests of patients being treated with atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil. Among ADHD medications, evidence of “false-positive” immunoassay results was found only for bupropion, but also for some non-ADHD medications. (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸

There is a lack of systematic, up-to-date evaluations and validations of cross-reactivity patterns for immunoassays. Using advanced laboratory methods, it is possible to distinguish between the use of prescription medications and illegal amphetamines through stereospecific analysis of dextro- and levoamphetamine; however, these analytical services are not widely available for routine drug testing. In cases of “presumptively” positive immunoassay screening results, a confirmatory laboratory analysis should always be performed. (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸

(E 2b): False-positive results on urine amphetamine immunoassays were found after taking:

• Bupropion
  • In 53 of 128 (41%) amphetamine-positive rapid urine tests from an emergency department that were not confirmed by gas chromatography (the most common cause of false-positive amphetamine screenings in this population) (Retrospective chart review, N = 10,011 urine screenings, n = 362 amphetamine-positive, E 3.)⁵⁸⁹
  • due to the bupropion metabolite threohydrobupropion (not bupropion itself) at concentrations above 500 ng/ml in 2 of 4 ELISA kits tested (cut-off value 200 ng/ml). Three out of 26 amphetamine-positive screenings (11%) from a forensic laboratory were not confirmed by GC-MS but contained bupropion or its metabolites. (Laboratory study with case samples, E 2b.)⁵⁹⁰
  • In a 50-year-old patient taking less than 300 mg of bupropion daily (admitted unconscious with seizures), the CEDIA assay detected amphetamine/ecstasy and LSD. GC-MS and LC-MS detected no amphetamine, but did detect bupropion and its metabolites. In drug-free urine, bupropion showed cross-reactivity of 3 to 17% in the CEDIA amphetamine assay. (case report with spiking experiment, n = 1, E 4.)⁵⁹¹
• Atomoxetine
  • In a 27-year-old woman, approximately 12 hours after ingesting 120 mg (three times the prescribed dose), the CEDIA assay detected the substance; GC-MS did not detect amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, or MDEA (first reported case) (case report, E 4.)⁵⁹²
  • Based on the literature and reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s drug safety surveillance system (FAERS) (literature review, k = 44, and pharmacovigilance analysis, n = 125 case reports; full text not available to us, E 4.)⁵⁹³
  • No interference in the DRI amphetamine assay (cut-off value 1,000 ng/ml) upon addition of atomoxetine or 4-hydroxyatomoxetine (10 to 10,000 ng/mL each) to drug-free urine; no positive results or signal increase were observed (laboratory study, E 2b.)⁵⁹⁴
  • A review found no evidence of false-positive immunoassay results with atomoxetine. (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Trazodone or its major metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
  • by mCPP at concentrations of 25,000 ng/ml or higher in the DRI Amphetamines Assay when added to drug-free urine (10,000 ng/ml is just below the cutoff value), Trazodone itself up to 50,000 ng/ml without cross-reaction (laboratory study, E 2b.)⁵⁹⁴
  • mCPP was detected in 1 emergency department urine sample using an immunoassay (CEDIA), but not using immunochromatography (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
• Methylphenidate
  • Based on the literature and reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s drug safety program (FAERS) (literature review, k = 44, and pharmacovigilance analysis, n = 125 case reports; full text not available to us, E 4.)⁵⁹³
  • According to a report in which the addition of methylphenidate to amphetamine-free urine triggered a positive amphetamine screening result (secondary citation from Masternak (2021), assay not specified there), this finding was not confirmed in saliva immunoassays (narrative review, E 4.)⁵⁹⁶
  • No cross-reactivity was observed in 3 emergency department urine samples containing methylphenidate and Ritalin acid, neither in the immunoassay (CEDIA, cutoff value 1,000 µg/L) nor in the immunochromatography test (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
  • A review found no evidence of false-positive immunoassay results for MPH. (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Solriamfetol at concentrations of 100,000 ng/mL or higher in the DRI Amphetamines Assay when added to drug-free urine (10,000 ng/mL is negative) (Laboratory study, E 2b.)⁵⁹⁴
• Ephedrine (1 sample) in emergency department urine samples using an immunoassay (CEDIA). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
• Tetracaine (7 samples, a local anesthetic used during bladder catheterization), in emergency department urine samples analyzed by immunoassay (CEDIA). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
• Phentermine (1 sample) in emergency department urine samples using an immunoassay (CEDIA). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵

• Procainamide (1 sample) in emergency department urine samples using an immunoassay (CEDIA). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
  • A total of 11 out of 55 specifically selected samples were false positives in the immunoassay (including 1 due to mCPP), and 2 in the immunochromatography assay (phentermine, bisoprolol). (Retrospective laboratory analysis, n = 55 samples, E 3.)⁵⁹⁵
• Labetalol (literature review, k = 44, and pharmacovigilance analysis, n = 125 case reports; full text not available to us, E 4.)⁵⁹³
• Fenofibrate (literature review, k = 44, and pharmacovigilance analysis, n = 125 case reports; full text not available to us, E 4.)⁵⁹³ * (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)*⁵⁸⁸
• Aripiprazole (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Metformin (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸ * (Literature review, k = 44, and pharmacovigilance analysis, n = 125 case reports; full text not available to us, E 4.)*⁵⁹³
• Ranitidine (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Chlorpromazine (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Brompheniramine (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Buflomedil (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Dimethylamylamine (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸
• Some dietary supplements (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸

A review found no evidence of false-positive immunoassay results for clonidine, guanfacine, or modafinil. (Rapid Evidence Review, E 4.)⁵⁸⁸

To date, cross-reactions have been identified primarily through case reports and are therefore not fully documented. An analysis of 698,651 urine screenings (10 assays) with linked medication data experimentally confirmed 12 of 13 expected cross-reactions, including previously unknown ones in amphetamine assays. (Retrospective data analysis with experimental validation, N = 698,651 urine screenings, E 3.)⁵⁹⁷

Three saliva immunoassays failed to detect methylphenidate even at concentrations up to 100,000 ng/ml (nor did they detect fenproporex or diethylpropion). (Laboratory study of spiked saliva samples with overview, E 2b.)⁵⁸⁶

5.2. Laboratory-Based Differentiation Between Medication and Illegal Drug Use¶

A hair analysis can confirm use over an extended period of time, but does not allow for the determination of dosage. In 24 patients taking lisdexamfetamine, dextroamphetamine was detectable in all hair samples, with no correlation between the prescribed dose and concentration (ranging from 71 to 2,000 pg/mg at a dose of 50 mg daily). Eighteen of 22 patients were compliant; in 4 patients, the presence of levoamphetamine in the hair indicated additional use of street amphetamine. A quantitative interpretation of hair test results may lead to unjustified Consequences, for example, in criminal, social, or driver’s license law. (Cohort study, n = 24, 7 months, E 2b.)⁶⁰²

Among inmates with a reported amphetamine prescription, 86.1% of urine samples and 77.1% of saliva samples contained only dextroamphetamine. A proportion of less than 60% dextroamphetamine (indicating street amphetamine) was found in 9.5% of the saliva samples and 5.5% of the urine samples. (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 4,351, E 3.)⁹⁸ For Adderall (dextroamphetamine to levoamphetamine ratio of 3:1, with levoamphetamine derived from the racemic amphetamine salts it contains), the first urine samples contained 23.5% levoamphetamine. The proportion increased between doses and after the last dose, but did not approach the 1:1 ratio of a racemic mixture until at least 3 days after the last dose. Not all samples with 500 ng/mL of total amphetamine or more tested positive in the immunoassay, as the racemic mixture (62%) and levoamphetamine (5%) cross-reacted less strongly than dextroamphetamine (100%). (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 5, Phase 2b.)⁶⁰³

5.3. Workplace Tests¶

A positive rapid test alone is not sufficient to warrant disciplinary action in the workplace. Positive results should be confirmed by mass spectrometry and, before being disclosed, evaluated by a Medical Review Officer (MRO), who, with the consent of the person being tested, reviews medical prescriptions (in Sweden, via the national prescription registry). Amphetamine was the second most common substance in positive workplace tests after cannabis (over 20% of positive cases). Of the mass spectrometry-confirmed, amphetamine-positive tests, the following were classified as unauthorized use:

• 37% in Swedish workplace drug tests in 2023 (urine and saliva; cannabis and cocaine detected in nearly all cases; opiates 29%; benzodiazepines 56%) (Retrospective laboratory analysis, N = 23,900, E 3.)¹⁰⁶
  • 100% for tests conducted after accidents or when suspicion arises
  • 52% in rehabilitation testing
  • 43% on random tests
  • 8% on hiring tests

A chiral amphetamine assay makes it possible to distinguish D-amphetamine medication from street amphetamine; however, it has rarely been used in these cases.

5.4. Retention Period¶

After taking Adderall for therapeutic purposes, amphetamine was detected:

• in urine, following a daily dose of 20 mg for five days, up to 60.25 hours after the last dose, with an administrative GC-MS limit of 500 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 5 ng/mL up to approximately 167 hours. During the daily dosing period, nearly all samples were positive. (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 5, Phase 2b.)⁶⁰³
• in urine for up to 47.5 hours after a single 20 mg dose, with an administrative GC-MS cutoff value of 500 ng/ml (peak levels ranging from 2,645 to 5,948 ng/ml), with a limit of detection of 5 ng/ml for up to approximately 160 hours (Open-label pharmacokinetic study, n = 5, E 2b.)⁶⁰⁶